Infant formula with cow's milk fat and prebiotics affects intestinal flora, but not the incidence of infections during infancy in a double-blind randomized controlled trial.

Background: The postnatal intestinal colonization of human milk-fed and formula-fed infants differs substantially, as does the susceptibility to infectious diseases during infancy. Specific ingredients in human milk, such as prebiotic human milk oligosaccharides and a specifically structured fat composition with high proportion of beta-palmitic acid (beta-PA) promote the growth of intestinal bifidobacteria, which are associated with favorable effects on infants' health. The present study investigates whether addition of prebiotic galactooligosaccharides (GOS) in combination with higher amounts of beta-PA from cow's milk fat in infant formula positively affects gut microbiota and the incidence of infections in formula-fed infants.

Adequacy and safety of α-lactalbumin-enriched low-protein infant formula: A randomized controlled trial.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to demonstrate suitability and safety of an infant formula enriched with α-lactalbumin with a reduced protein content of 1.89 g protein/100 kcal.

Methods: This was a randomized, double-blind controlled trial with 80 healthy newborn infants who were assigned to receive either an isocaloric low- or high-protein content formula (1.

Molecular typing and antimicrobial susceptibility testing to six antimicrobials of Clostridium difficile isolates from three Czech hospitals in Eastern Bohemia in 2011-2012.

In 2011-2012, a survey was performed in three regional hospitals in the Czech Republic to determine the incidence of Clostridium difficile infections (CDIs) and to characterize bacterial isolates. C. difficile isolates were characterized by PCR ribotyping, toxin genes detection, multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA), and antimicrobial susceptibility testing to fidaxomicin, vancomycin, metronidazole, clindamycin, LFF571, and moxifloxacin using agar dilution method.

[Intraindividual variability of uroflowmetry in women].

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the intraindividual variability of uroflowmetric measurement in women with normal lower urinary tract function.

Design: Prospective study.

Setting: Departure of obstetrics and gynecology University Hospital and Medical Faculty Ostrava.

Incidence of the urological tumours in patients suffering from multiple sclerosis.

Objectives: The goal of this study was to evaluate the incidence of urological malignancies in MS patients using active screening.

Material And Methods: A total of 495 MS patients (141 men, 354 women, age of 42±13.4) were included in the study.

Evaluation of biochemical markers and bone mineral density in patients with chronic kidney disease stage 5D at the start of hemodialysis treatment.

Background: Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have significant disorders of bone and mineral metabolism. In addition, they can also develop other bone disorders including osteoporosis. This study evaluated the bone mineral density (BMD) of patients at the start of hemodialysis treatment as well as the relationship between BMD and possible risk factors or biochemical markers.

Sensitivity to antibiotics of Clostridium difficile toxigenic nosocomial strains.

Clostridium difficile is the etiological agent of diarrhoea and colitis, especially in elderly patients. The incidence of these diseases has increased during the last 10 years. Emergence of so-called hypervirulent strains is considered as one of the main factors responsible for the more severe disease and changed profile of sensitivity to antimicrobial agents.

Persistence with first line anticholinergic medication in treatment-naïve overactive bladder patients.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the persistence of first line anticholinergic medication use by patients with overactive bladder (OAB). Data from a hospital outpatient database were matched with information obtained by a telephone survey of patients to determine which patients discontinued use of anticholinergic medication and to identify the reasons underlying discontinuation.

Material And Methods: The study group included 377 OAB patients (52 men, 325 women) with a mean age of 60.

Cool water vs warm water immersion for minimal sedation colonoscopy: a double-blind randomized trial.

Aim: Water-aided insertion as an alternative colonoscopy technique reduces patient discomfort. Warm water has been used in most published trials, but the use of cool water is easier and, if equally effective, could support the use of the water-aided technique in routine practice.

Method: A double-blind, randomized, single-centre study was performed in which 201 patients were randomized to either cool (20-24 °C) or warm (37 °C) water immersion insertion.

Cap-assisted water immersion for minimal sedation colonoscopy: prospective, randomized, single-center trial.

Background And Aim: Water immersion insertion is able to reduce discomfort and need for sedation during colonoscopy. A cap attached to the colonoscope tip may improve insertion during air insufflation colonoscopy. According to several reports, both techniques alone may result in higher detection of neoplastic lesions.

[Bone mineral density in patients with chronic renal failure at the start of haemodialysis therapy].

Aim: To determine bone mineral density (BMD) in nephrology patients at the start of haemodialysis therapy and its dependence on some laboratory and clinical characteristics of the study set.

Methods: There were 73 newly haemodialyzed patients accepted in the 3 months period from the beginning of the chronic haemodialysis program. Each patient underwent measurements BMD with DXA method in the area of lumbar spine and the left hip.

[Current state of diagnostics and treatment of overactive bladder in the Czech Republic - five years ago and today].

Introduction: Overactive bladder (OAB) presents one of the most frequent medical problems among the current adult population, with a significant impact on the quality of life of the affected patients. A questionnaire survey was carried out in 2006, with the aim to assess the level of knowledge regarding the problem of OAB among gynaecologists and urologists in the Czech republic, as well as to evaluate the currently applied methods of OAB diagnostics and treatment. The aim of this work was to perform a repeated survey after five years, and to evaluate, whether there have been any changes achieved in the monitored parameters.

Combination of water immersion and carbon dioxide insufflation for minimal sedation colonoscopy: a prospective, randomized, single-center trial.

Objective: Water immersion insertion and carbon dioxide (CO2) insufflation, as alternative colonoscopic techniques, are able to reduce patient discomfort during and after the procedure. We assessed whether the combination of water immersion and CO2 insufflation is superior in efficacy and patient comfort to other colonoscopic techniques.

Methods: In a prospective, randomized study, a total of 420 patients were randomized to either water immersion insertion and CO2 insufflation during withdrawal (water/CO2), water insertion and air insufflation during withdrawal (water/air), CO2 insufflation during both insertion and withdrawal (CO2/CO2), or air insufflation during both insertion and withdrawal (air/air).

[Vaccination against hepatitis B in patients with chronic renal failure--twenty years follow-up].

Aim: The efficacy of vaccination against hepatitis B was evaluated in patients with chronic renal failure from 4 dialysis units in 1988-2010.

Patients And Methods: Hepatitis B vaccination was started in 1 271 patients with chronic renal failure (606 female, 665 male). Patients received intramuscularly 3 doses of plasma-derived or since 1990, recombinant vaccine at the interval 0, 1 and 2 months for dialysis patients and 0, 1 and 6 months for pre-dialysis patients.

[Combination therapy with anticholinergics and alpha-blockers for the treatment of overactive bladder in female patients--pilot study].

Introduction: Overactive bladder (OAB) is one of the most common medical conditions with an estimated 16 percent of adult population being affected in Europe. The administration of anticholinergics is considered as the most frequent and most effective treatment. There is a evidence that alpha-blockers affect a detrusor function.

[Low response rate to a vaccination against hepatitis B in patients with end-stage liver disease].

Hepatitis B vaccination was started in 41 patients with end-stage liver disease who were liver transplant candidates. Patients received three 20 microg or, starting from 1999, 40 microg doses of recombinant vaccine at 0, 2 and 4 weeks. Blood samples were obtained 4 weeks after vaccination or each revaccination; patients without protective hepatitis B surface antibodies (anti-HBs) were once or repeatedly revaccinated.

[Hepatitis B immunization of patients with inherited bleeding disorders: personal experiences].

Hepatitis B immunization of patients with inherited bleeding disorders: personal experiences Hepatitis B vaccination was initiated in 55 patients with inherited bleeding disorders in 1994-2009. Patients received three doses of subcutaneous recombinant vaccine containing 20 mg HBsAg (hepatitis B surface antigen) at 0, 1 and 6 months. Blood samples were obtained at the starting of vaccination, 1-3 months after immunization, and biennially thereafter.

Long-term protection against hepatitis B after newborn vaccination: 20-year follow-up.

Background: Hepatitis B vaccination in children born to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive mothers considerably decreases the risk of vertical transmission. However, whether this protection against carriage of hepatitis B virus is maintained into early adulthood is as yet unknown.

Patients And Methods: A combined passive-active immunization programme for newborns of HBsAg-positive mothers was initiated in the north-eastern part of the Czech Republic in 1988.

Perceptual differences regarding health and environmental problems and their remedies in two states of the former Czechoslovakia.

In the framework of the Central European Study on Air pollution and Respiratory Health (CESAR), a risk perception and risk communication study was carried out in a total of 25 areas in Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania and the Slovak Republic. This paper is focused on the differences of perception between the Czech (CR) and the Slovak Republic (SR), and the other involved countries. The analysis is based on the data of a structured risk perception questionnaire survey of a random population sample.

Case-control study of childhood cancer and exposure to 60-Hz magnetic fields.

Concern with health effects of extremely low frequency magnetic fields has been raised by epidemiologic studies of childhood cancer in relation to proximity to electric power distribution lines. This case-control study was designed to assess the relation between residential exposure to magnetic fields and the development of childhood cancer. Eligible cases consisted of all 356 residents of the five-county 1970 Denver, Colorado Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area aged 0-14 years who were diagnosed with any form of cancer between 1976 and 1983.

Antiimmunoglobulins of rheumatoid factor (RF) type in prediction of melanoma patients.

It was found out the titer of antiimmunoglobulins of the rheumatoid factor (RF) type in the sera of melanoma patients can be used in prediction of the development of the patients' status. High titers of antiimmunoglobulins of the RF type, determined by the latex-fixation test (LFT), indicate an unfavorable prognosis in patients with clinical manifestation of uncontrollable recurrence appearing from 1.5 to 2 years after occurrence of the LFT titer.