Investigation of Urinary Metabolites of Organophosphate Esters in Hanoi, Vietnam: Assessment Exposure and Estimated Daily Intake.

In recent years, organophosphate esters (OPEs) have become one of the most common additives in various consumer products worldwide, therefore the exposure and impact of OPEs on human health are drawing a lot of attention. In this study, three metabolites of OPEs including bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BDCIPP), diphenyl phosphate (DPhP) and diethyl phosphate (DEP) were investigated in first-morning void urine samples taken from a population (age range: 3-76 years old) in Hanoi, Vietnam. The most dominant urinary OPE metabolite was DEP with the geometric mean of specific gravity adjust (SG-adjusted) concentration were 1960 ng mL and detected frequency (DF) of 98%.

Improved synthesis, molecular modeling and anti-inflammatory activity of new fluorinated dihydrofurano-naphthoquinone compounds.

A series of new fluorinated dihydrofurano-napthoquinone compounds were sucessfully synthesized in good yields using microwave-assisted multi-component reactions of 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone, fluorinated aromatic aldehydes, and pyridinium bromide. The products were fully characterized using spectroscopic techniques and evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activity using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells.

Toxicological effects of diclofenac on signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus) as related to weakly acidic and basic water pH.

The widespread use and continuous discharge of pharmaceuticals to environmental waters can lead to potential toxicity to aquatic biota. Pharmaceuticals and their metabolites are often complex organic and environmentally persistent compounds that are bioactive at low doses. This study aimed to investigate the effects of diclofenac (DCF) on the antioxidant defence system and neurotoxicity biomarkers in signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus) under weakly acidic and basic conditions.

Synthesis, in vitro Α-Glucosidase, and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities of novel Indol-Fused Pyrano[2,3-D]Pyrimidine compounds.

In this study, new indol-fused pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidines were designed and synthesized. These products were obtained in moderate to good yields and their structures were assigned by NMR, MS, and IR analysis. Afterwards, the biological important of the products was highlighted by evaluating in vitro for α-glucosidase inhibitory activity as well as acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity.

Occurrence and ecological risk assessment of organophosphate esters in surface water from rivers and lakes in urban Hanoi, Vietnam.

In this study, an investigation on the pollution status, distribution, and ecological risk to the aquatic organisms of six organophosphate tri-esters (tri-OPEs) and two organophosphate tri-esters (di-OPEs) in surface water in urban Hanoi, Vietnam were conducted. In 37 surveyed water samples (6 rivers and 17 lakes), all eight targeted OPEs were discovered with a detection frequency (DF) of 41-100% and the concentration varied largely from below the method detection limit ( View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Fabrication of binary g-CN/UU-200 composites with enhanced visible-light-driven photocatalytic performance toward organic pollutant eliminations.

In this study, g-CN/UU-200 heterojunction photocatalysts displaying superior photocatalytic activity for organic pollutant elimination under white LED light irradiation were fabricated an solvothermal method. The successful construction of a heterojunction between g-CN and UU-200 was evidenced by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The improved photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) and tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) over g-CN/UU-200 compared with that over the individual components can be attributed to the anchoring of the g-CN layered structure on the UU-200 surface promoting the decrease of the bandgap of UU-200, as confirmed by ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, and to the light-induced charge separation efficiency stemming from a suitable heterojunction structure, which was revealed by photoluminescence spectroscopy and electrochemical analyses.

Integrated biomarker response in signal crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus exposed to diphenhydramine.

Diphenhydramine (DPH) is a pharmaceutical with multiple modes of action, primarily designed as an antihistamine therapeutic drug. Among antihistamines, DPH is a significant contaminant in the environment, frequently detected in surface waters, sediments, and tissues of aquatic biota. In the present study, signal crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus was used as a model organism because of their prominent ecological roles in freshwater ecosystems.

Synthesis and biological activity, and molecular modelling studies of potent cytotoxic podophyllotoxin-naphthoquinone compounds.

A new approach for the synthesis of podophyllotoxin-naphthoquinone compounds using microwave-assisted three-component reactions is reported in this study. Novel podophyllotoxin-naphthoquinone derivatives with modification on ring E were synthesized. All the synthetic compounds were assessed in terms of their cytotoxicity profile against four cancer cell lines (KB, HepG2, A549, and MCF7), and noncancerous Hek-293 cell lines.

Microwave-Assisted Three-Component Synthesis of Novel N-Arylated-Dihydrobenzo[g]quinoline-5,10-Diones and Their Potential Cytotoxic Activity.

A convenient three-component synthetic approach was developed en route to new and significative N-arylated-dihydrobenzo[g]quinoline-5,10-diones using 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone, a variety of aromatic aldehydes, and 4-(arylamino)furan-2(5H)-ones. A sequence of steps including Knoevenagel condensation, Michael addition, [1,3]-hydrogen shift, intramolecular cyclization and dehydration led to the formation of products. All the products were structurally characterized by spectroscopic techniques and assessed in terms of their cytotoxicity profile against four cancer cell lines (KB, HepG2, A549, and MCF7), and human embryonic kidney (Hek-293) cell lines.

Metabolome adaptation and oxidative stress response of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) to altered water pollution levels.

Treated wastewater ponds (TWPs) serve as recipients and passive tertiary treatment mediators for recycled water. These nutrient-rich habitats are increasingly utilised in aquaculture, nevertheless multiple loads of various contaminants with adverse effects on aquatic fauna, including fish, have been recorded. In the present study, we investigated the effects of fish transfer in response to altered levels of pollution on liver metabolic profiles and tissue-specific oxidative stress biomarkers during short- and long-term exposure.

Water reuse for aquaculture: Comparative removal efficacy and aquatic hazard reduction of pharmaceuticals by a pond treatment system during a one year study.

Aquaculture is increasing at the global scale, and beneficial reuse of wastewater is becoming crucial in some regions. Here we selected a unique tertiary treatment system for study over a one-year period. This experimental ecosystem-based approach to effluent management included a treated wastewater pond (TWP), which receives 100% effluent from a wastewater treatment plant, and an aquaculture pond (AP) that receives treated water from the TWP for fish production.

Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel benzo[a]pyridazino[3,4-c]phenazine derivatives.

A convenient microwave-assisted one-pot four-component synthetic approach was developed en route to novel functionalized benzo[a]pyridazino[3,4-c]phenazine derivatives starting from 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone, aromatic aldehydes, methyl hydrazine and o-phenylenediamine. Nine new derivatives were successfully synthesized and subsequently evaluated in terms of their biological profiles. The results revealed good cytotoxic activities of compounds 6a, 6h against KB, HepG2, Lu1 and MCF7 human cancer cell lines.

Contamination status, emission sources, and human health risk of brominated flame retardants in urban indoor dust from Hanoi, Vietnam: the replacement of legacy polybrominated diphenyl ether mixtures by alternative formulations.

This study investigated the occurrence, distribution of several additive brominated flame retardants (BFRs) such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and some novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs) in urban indoor dust collected from ten inner districts of Hanoi, Vietnam to assess the contamination status, emission sources, as well as their associated human exposure through indoor dust ingestion and health risks. Total concentrations of PBDEs and NBFRs in indoor dust samples ranged from 43 to 480 ng g (median 170 ng g) and from 56 to 2200 ng g (median 180 ng g), respectively. The most abundant PBDE congener in these dust samples was BDE-209 with concentrations ranging from 29 to 360 ng g, accounting for 62.

Co-Encapsulation of Lycopene and Resveratrol in Polymeric Nanoparticles: Morphology and Lycopene Stability.

Lycopene and resveratrol are well-known for their high bioactivity, anti-inflammatory effects, and strong antioxidant properties. The combination of lycopene and resveratrol was synergistic in the potentializing immunity of the mammal body. In this study, the scalable co-encapsulation of lycopene and resveratrol into polymeric nanoparticles was performed using lycopene extracted from ripe gac fruit.

Synthesis of novel potent cytotoxicy podophyllotoxin-naphthoquinone compounds via microwave-assited multicomponent domino reactions.

A series of novel podophyllotoxin-naphthoquinone compounds 5a-p were synthesized in good yields using microwave-assisted four-component reactions of 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone, aromatic benzaldehydes, tetronic acid and ammonium acetate. All the synthesized compounds were fully characterized by spectral data and evaluated for their cytotoxicity activities against KB, HepG2, Lu1, MCF7, and non-cancerous Hek-293 cell lines. Among 16 new compounds screened, compounds 5a, 5d, 5h, and 5k displayed high potent inhibitory activities with IC < 40 nM against HepG2 and SK-Lu-1 cell lines, and showed lower toxicity for non-cancerous Hek-293 cell line, demonstrating the potential importance of these compounds in the development of potential anticancer agents.

Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel quinazoline-triazole hybrid compounds with potential use in Alzheimer's disease.

A library of twelve quinazoline-triazole hybrid compounds were designed, synthesized and evaluated as a novel class of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors to treat Alzheimer's disease (AD). The biological assay results demonstrated the ability of several hybrid compounds to inhibit AChE enzyme (IC range = 0.2-83.

Effective Photocatalytic Activity of Sulfate-Modified BiVO for the Decomposition of Methylene Blue Under LED Visible Light.

In this study, we investigated sulfate-modified BiVO with the high photocatalytic activity synthesized by a sol-gel method in the presence of thiourea, followed by the annealing process at different temperatures. Its structure was characterized by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS). The BiVO synthesized in the presence of thiourea and calcined at 600 °C (T-BVO-600) exhibited the highest photocatalytic degradation efficiency of methylene blue (MB) in water; 98.

Application of Fe-based metal-organic framework and its pyrolysis products for sulfonamide treatment.

The occurrence and fate of antibiotic compounds in water can adversely affect human and animal health; hence, the removal of such substrates from soil and water is indispensable. Herein, we described the synthesis method of mesoporous carbon (MPC) via the pyrolysis route from a coordination polymer Fe-based MIL-53 (or MIL-53, shortly). The MPC structure was analyzed by several physical techniques such as SEM, TEM, BET, FT-IR, VSM, and XRD.

Design, synthesis and evaluation of novel hybrids between 4-anilinoquinazolines and substituted triazoles as potent cytotoxic agents.

In this research several series of novel dioxygenated ring fused 4-anilinoquinazolines (10a-d) and 4-anilinoquinazoline-substituted triazole hybrid compounds (11-14) have been designed and synthesized. Their biological significance was highlighted by evaluating in vitro for anticancer activities, wherein several compounds displayed excellent activity specifically against three human cancer cell lines (KB, epidermoid carcinoma; HepG2, hepatoma carcinoma; SK-Lu-1, non-small lung cancer). Especially, compound 13a exhibited up to 100-fold higher cytotoxicity in comparison with erlotinib.

Formation of Fluorinated Amido Esters through Unexpected C3-C4 Bond Fission in 4-Trifluoromethyl-3-oxo-β-lactams.

4-Trifluoromethyl-3-oxo-β-lactams were unexpectedly transformed into 2-[(2,2-difluorovinyl)amino]-2-oxoacetates as major products, accompanied by minor amounts of 2-oxo-2-[(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)amino]acetates, upon treatment with alkyl halides and triethylamine in DMSO. This peculiar C3-C4 bond fission reactivity was investigated in-depth, from both an experimental and a computational point of view, in order to shed light on the underlying reaction mechanism.

Synthetic Approaches toward Monocyclic 3-Amino-β-lactams.

Due to the emerging resistance against classical β-lactam-based antibiotics, a growing number of bacterial infections has become harder to treat. This alarming tendency necessitates continued research on novel antibacterial agents. Many classes of β-lactam antibiotics are characterized by the presence of the 3-aminoazetidin-2-one core, which resembles the natural substrate of the target penicillin-binding proteins.

Synthesis and cytotoxic evaluation of novel indenoisoquinoline-substituted triazole hybrids.

The synthesis of various substituted triazole-indenoisoquinoline hybrids was performed based on a CuI-catalyzed 1,3-cycloaddition between propargyl-substituted derivatives and the azide-containing indenoisoquinoline. Besides, a variety of N-(alkyl)propargylindenoisoquinolines was used as substrates for the construction of triazole-indenoisoquinoline-AZT conjugated via a click chemistry-mediated coupling with 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT). Thus, twenty three new indenoisoquinoline-substituted triazole hybrids were successfully prepared and evaluated as cytotoxic agents, revealing an interesting anticancer activity of four triazole linker-indenoisoquinoline-AZT hybrids in KB and HepG2 cancer cell lines.

Synthesis and anticancer properties of new (dihydro)pyranonaphthoquinones and their epoxy analogs.

1,4-Dihydroxy-2-naphthoic acid was used as a substrate for a straightforward five-step synthesis of 3-substituted 1H-benzo[g]isochromene-5,10-diones, with a Michael addition of N-acylmethylpyridinium ylides across 2-hydroxymethyl-1,4-naphthoquinone and a subsequent acid-mediated dehydratation of intermediate hemiacetals as the key steps. The obtained benzo[g]isochromene-5,10-diones were subsequently deployed for further synthetic elaboration to produce new 3,4-dihydrobenzo[g]isochromene-5,10-diones and (3,4-dihydro-)4a,10a-epoxybenzo[g]isochromene-5,10-diones. All compounds were screened for their cytotoxic and antimicrobial effects, revealing an interesting cytotoxic activity of 1H-benzo[g]isochromene-5,10-diones against different cancer cell lines.

Synthesis and cytotoxic evaluation of novel ester-triazole-linked triterpenoid-AZT conjugates.

Betulinic acid and analogous naturally occurring triterpenoid acids were transformed into the corresponding propargyl esters and subsequently deployed as substrates for a click chemistry-mediated coupling with azidothymidine (AZT) en route to novel 1,2,3-triazole-tethered triterpenoid-AZT conjugates. Twelve new hybrids were thus prepared and assessed in terms of their cytotoxic activity, revealing an interesting anticancer activity of five triterpenoid-AZT hybrids on KB and Hep-G2 tumor cell lines.

Synthesis of 1-alkyl-2-(trifluoromethyl)azetidines and their regiospecific ring opening toward diverse α-(trifluoromethyl)amines via intermediate azetidinium salts.

A convenient approach toward nonactivated 1-alkyl-2-(trifluoromethyl)azetidines as a new class of constrained azaheterocycles was developed starting from ethyl 4,4,4-trifluoroacetoacetate via imination, hydride reduction, chlorination, and base-induced ring closure. Furthermore, the reactivity profile of these 2-CF(3)-azetidines was assessed by means of quaternization and subsequent regiospecific ring opening at C4 of the azetidinium intermediates by oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, sulfur, and halogen nucleophiles, pointing to a clear difference in reactivity compared to azetidines bearing other types of electron-withdrawing groups at C2.