Retrospective evaluation of "Rods and Rings" pattern detected in the anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) test.

Introduction: Anti-rods and rings (anti-RR) antibodies have recently been described as a cytoplasmic pattern in IIF-based screening of autoantibodies on HEp-2 cells and ICAP has named it as AC-23. It is most frequently related to drug-induced antibody generation. This study aimed to investigate the clinical significance of AC-23 positivity and its relevance to the diagnosis and/or follow-up of the associated diseases and/or drug use.

[Frequency of Influenza, Influenza Types and Influenza Vaccine Use in Hospitalized Children with Influenza-Like Symptoms].

Influenza is an important cause of respiratory illness in children and is still an important cause of morbidity and mortality in children. The influenza virus subtypes determine the prevalence of the epidemic and pandemic influenza, the hospitalization and mortality rates in children each year. Surveillance of the circulation of different influenza virus strains is important in ensuring a good strain con-cordance for the composition of the annual influenza vaccine.