Association of child weight and adverse outcomes following antibiotic prescriptions in children: a national data study in Wales, UK.

Objective: To examine if the weight of a child determines adverse events following oral antibiotics prescription.

Design: Population respective cohort using linked general practice (GP), hospital data and linkage with the Welsh Demographic Service for demographic information. Data linkage was performed using Wales health data, extracted from the SAIL (Secure Anonymised Information Linkage) databank.

Investigating awareness and implementation of adrenaline auto-injectors (AAI) via the 'Spare Pens in Schools' scheme in Wales: a cross-sectional pilot study.

Objective: To investigate awareness and implementation of the Spare Pens (ie, adrenaline auto-injectors (AAIs)) scheme in primary and secondary schools in two regions in Wales.

Design: A cross-sectional pilot study employing a mixed research methods approach was carried out.

Setting And Participants: State primary and secondary schools within Swansea and Pembrokeshire regional authorities were invited to take part.

Medicines for children: A global gift of trusted accessible information for parents.

To engender safer medication practice the Government of Canada encourages families to, "Ask your doctor about your child's medication." Medicines for Children (MFC) was established in 2006 when the U.K.

Paediatric opioid poisoning in the UK: a retrospective analysis of clinical enquiries to the National Poisons Information Service.

Objective: To evaluate a decade of reported paediatric opioid poisoning cases in the UK.

Methods: The National Poisons Information Service (NPIS) telephone enquiries database (UK Poisons Information Database) was searched for calls regarding opioid poisoning in children under 18 years from 2012 to 2021. The NPIS online clinical guidance database TOXBASE was searched for accesses relating to opioids for both adults and children.

Medication errors involving intravenous paracetamol in children: experience from enquiries to the National Poisons Information Service.

Introduction: Children are at higher risk of medication errors due to the complexity of drug prescribing and administration in this patient group. Intravenous (IV) paracetamol overdose differs from overdose by ingestion as there is no enteral absorptive buffering. We provide the first national UK data focusing on paediatric IV paracetamol poisoning.

Investigation of Interferences in Carbon Dioxide through Multidimensional Molecular-Frame High-Harmonic Spectroscopy.

We present molecular-frame high-harmonic spectroscopic measurements of the spectral intensity and group delay of carbon dioxide. Using four different driving wavelengths and a range of intensities at each wavelength for high-harmonic generation, we observe a well-characterized minimum in the harmonic emission that exhibits both a wavelength and intensity dependence. Using the intensity dependence at each driving wavelength, we classify the minimum as due to either a structural two-center interference or dynamic multichannel interference, consistent with previous literature.

When does childhood dental caries become neglect or abuse: do parents think what we think?

Introduction Poor oral health in children may be a marker for wider neglect and abuse, but there is no universally recognised threshold for social services intervention.Aim To compare families' thresholds for referral for social services intervention with those of healthcare workers.Intervention Five standardised vignettes, used previously to investigate the views of healthcare workers on the need for social services intervention, were used to determine the threshold of 250 families for intervention.

Can parents believe websites' information about methylphenidate's side effects?

Background: Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common behavioural disorders, affecting around 5% of the global population. Methylphenidate is recommended as the first-line drug treatment for ADHD for children over the age of 5 in the UK. It can have many side effects and it is important that families are well informed.

Incidence of paediatric 10-fold medication errors in Wales.

Objectives: To estimate the incidence, characteristics and outcomes of 10-fold or greater or a tenth or less medication errors in children aged <16 years in Wales.

Design: Population-based surveillance study July 2017 to June 2019. Cases were identified by paediatricians and hospital pharmacists using monthly electronic Welsh Paediatric Surveillance Unit (WPSU) reporting system.

Service evaluation of laceration risk using trainer adrenaline auto-injectors.

Objective: Anaphylaxis is a severe, potentially fatal allergic reaction best treated with intramuscular epinephrine via epinephrine auto-injectors (AAIs). Our published concerns over laceration injuries to young children associated with AAIs led to this service evaluation of the two administration methods: swing and jab (S&J) and place and press (P&P), to determine potential laceration risk.

Design: A trainer EpiPen was used with facepaint placed in the needle indentation which would record the length of movement of the AAI.

Paediatric dentists' identification and management of underweight and overweight children.

Introduction: Dental caries and obesity are growing challenges for the NHS. Dentists are in the unique position of being able to identify both conditions and intervene, following UK government strategy of 'making every contact count'.

Aims: Identify specialists in paediatric dentistry's (SPD) current practice regarding diagnosis and management of underweight or overweight/obese children presenting to dental services.

Lazarus Syndrome - Challenges Created by Pediatric Autoresuscitation.

Pediatric autoresuscitation is extremely rare, with only 4 documented cases in the literature. The longest recorded time between stopping cardio pulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and return of spontaneous circulation is 2 minutes. We report a previously well 18-month-old who attended the emergency department after an unexplained cardiac arrest.

Near-concentric Fabry-Pérot cavity for continuous-wave laser control of electron waves.

Manipulating free-space electron wave functions with laser fields can bring about new electron-optical elements for transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In particular, a Zernike phase plate would enable high-contrast TEM imaging of soft matter, leading to new opportunities in structural biology and materials science. A Zernike phase plate can be implemented using a tight, intense continuous laser focus that shifts the phase of the electron wave by the ponderomotive potential.

PN FOR CHILDREN - INFORMATION LEAFLET.

Aim: To produce a leaflet for parents and carers of children receiving parenteral nutrition (PN) explaining:▸ What PN is▸ Why it is given▸ How it will be given▸ Risks & Complications▸ Other useful information▸ Nutrition team contact informationCurrent practice is for the nutrition team pharmacist to give a verbal account of the above information to parents/carers. It was felt that providing this information in a written format would introduce consisitency and allow parents/carers more time to take information on board.

Method: An internet search and discussions with other organisations with paediatric gastroenterology specialists was conduted to see if something similar was in existence.

Do you see what I see? Identification of child protection concerns by hospital staff and general dental practitioners.

Aim An exploration of the threshold that dentists, doctors and nurses recognise for dental and child protection (CP) actions in sample clinical cases, and any differences between these professional groups.Method We present a cross-sectional survey of dentists, doctors and nurses (50 each), who regularly examine children, utilised five fictitious vignettes, combining an oral examination image and clinical history reflecting dental and CP issues. Demographics were collected, and each participant gave their likely action for the cases presented.

New penicillin-producing Penicillium species and an overview of section Chrysogena.

Species classified in Penicillium sect. Chrysogena are primary soil-borne and the most well-known members are P. chrysogenum and P.

Penicillium subrubescens, a new species efficiently producing inulinase.

Inulin is a reserve carbohydrate in about 15 % of the flowering plants and is accumulated in underground tubers of e.g. chicory, dahlia and Jerusalem artichoke.

A randomized maternal evaluation of epinephrine autoinjection devices.

Background: Intramuscular epinephrine (adrenaline) is the first-line therapy for anaphylaxis and prompt administration improves outcome. In 2011, two epinephrine autoinjectors existed in the United Kingdom, differing in their users' administration method: EpiPen(®) and Anapen(®) . We routinely train all families who receive these devices.

The RCPCH care pathway for children with venom allergies: an evidence and consensus based national approach.

Aims: The Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health (RCPCH) Science & Research Department was commissioned by the Department of Health to develop national care pathways for children with allergies; the venom allergy pathway is the seventh pathway. The pathways focus on defining the competences to improve the equity of care received by children with allergic conditions.

Method: The RCPCH venom allergy pathway was developed by a multidisciplinary working group and was based on a comprehensive review of evidence.