Zirconia- and ceria-based electrolytes for fuel cell applications: critical advancements toward sustainable and clean energy production.

Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are emerging as energy conversion devices for large-scale electrical power generation because of their high energy conversion efficiency, excellent ability to minimize air pollution, and high fuel flexibility. In this context, this critical review has focussed on the recent advancements in developing a suitable electrolyte for SOFCs which has been required for the commercialization of SOFC technology after emphasizing the literature from the prior studies. In particular, the significant developments in the field of solid oxide electrolytes for SOFCs, particularly zirconia- and ceria-based electrolytes, have been highlighted as important advancements toward the production of sustainable and clean energy.