The imminent role of microRNAs in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma.

Unfortunately, despite the severe problem associated with salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC), it has not been studied in detail yet. Therefore, the time has come to understand the oncogenic cause of SACC and find the correct molecular markers for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic target to tame this disease. Recently, we and others have suggested that non-coding RNAs, specifically microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs, can be ideal biomarkers for cancer(s) diagnosis and progression.

Dysregulated miRNAs in Progression and Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive degeneration of neurons due to the accumulation of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) and hyper-phosphorylation of tau protein in the neuronal milieu leading to increased oxidative stress and apoptosis. Numerous factors contribute towards the progression of AD, including miRNA, which are 22-24 nucleotides long sequence which acts as critical regulators of cellular processes by binding to 3' UTR of mRNA, regulating its expression post-transcriptionally. This review aims to determine the miRNA with the most significant dysregulation in the brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of human patients.

miR-590-5p: A double-edged sword in the oncogenesis process.

Accumulating evidence suggests the critical role of miR-590-5p in various aspects of cellular homeostasis, including cancer. Furthermore, we and others have recently demonstrated that miRNA-590-5p acts as an oncogene in some cancers while it acts as a tumor-suppressor in others. However, the role of miR-590-5p in oncogenesis is more complex, like a double-edged sword.

Evolution of Frozen Section in Carcinoma Breast: Systematic Review.

Background: The frozen section (FS) has been a good technique in surgical management of breast lesions since many years. But complete agreement and cooperation have not been achieved everywhere among surgeons and pathologists especially in the developing countries. FS undergoes continuous criticism due to various shortcomings but continued to be evaluated especially in developing countries.

A Pleiotropic Role of Long Non-Coding RNAs in the Modulation of Wnt/β-Catenin and PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathways in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Implication in Chemotherapeutic Drug Response.

Despite the availability of modern techniques for the treatment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), tumor recurrence and metastasis are significant challenges in clinical management. Thus, ESCC possesses a poor prognosis and low five-year overall survival rate. Notably, the origin and recurrence of the cancer phenotype are under the control of complex cancer-related signaling pathways.

Circulating Long Non-Coding RNAs LINC00324 and LOC100507053 as Potential Liquid Biopsy Markers for Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Pilot Study.

Background: Despite the availability of advanced technology to detect and treat esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), the 5-year survival rate of ESCC patients is still meager. Recently, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as essential players in the diagnosis and prognosis of various cancers.

Objective: This pilot study focused on identifying circulating lncRNAs as liquid biopsy markers for the ESCC.

Clinical potential of long non-coding RNA LINC01133 as a promising biomarker and therapeutic target in cancers.

Recently, long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 01133 () was identified as a novel transcript in cancers. It modulates various hallmarks of cancers and acts as oncogenic in some cancers while tumor-suppressive in others. Furthermore, the expression of correlates with tumor size, advanced tumor node metastasis stage and lymphatic node metastasis, Ki-67 levels and overall survival of patients.

A diagnostic and prognostic value of blood-based circulating long non-coding RNAs in thyroid, pancreatic and ovarian cancer.

Several studies have demonstrated the potential of circulating long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) as promising cancer biomarkers. Herein, we addressed the regulatory role of circulating lncRNAs and their potential value as diagnostic/prognostic markers for thyroid, pancreatic and ovarian cancers. Furthermore, we analyzed and measured the clinical implications and association of lncRNAs with sensitivity, specificity, and area under the ROC curve (AUC).

NOTCH signaling: Journey of an evolutionarily conserved pathway in driving tumor progression and its modulation as a therapeutic target.

Notch signaling, an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade, is critical for normal biological processes of cell differentiation, development, and homeostasis. Deregulation of the Notch signaling pathway has been associated with tumor progression. Thus, Notch presents as an interesting target for a variety of cancer subtypes and its signaling mechanisms have been actively explored from the therapeutic viewpoint.

MicroRNAs and Long Noncoding RNAs as Novel Therapeutic Targets in Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast and Ovarian Cancers.

Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) such as anastrozole, letrozole, and exemestane have shown to prevent metastasis and angiogenesis in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast and ovarian tumors. They function primarily by reducing estrogen production in ER-positive post-menopausal breast and ovarian cancer patients. Unfortunately, current AI-based therapies often have detrimental side-effects, along with acquired resistance, with increased cancer recurrence.

Circulating miR-320a Acts as a Tumor Suppressor and Prognostic Factor in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer.

Dysregulated expression profiles of microRNAs (miRNAs) have been observed in several types of cancer, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, the diagnostic and prognostic potential of circulating miRNAs in NSCLC remains largely undefined. Here we found that circulating miR-320a was significantly down-regulated (~5.87-fold; < 0.

LncRNA ZFAS1 inhibits triple-negative breast cancer by targeting STAT3.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly aggressive subtype of breast cancer with fewer treatment options than other types of invasive breast cancer due to the loss of the estrogen, progesterone receptors and low levels of the HER2 protein, resulting in a poor prognosis for these patients. Here, we found that the expression of the lncRNA, ZFAS1, was significantly downregulated (∼3.0-fold) in blood samples of TNBC patients (n=40) compared to matched healthy controls (n=40).

Path of Silibinin from diet to medicine: A dietary polyphenolic flavonoid having potential anti-cancer therapeutic significance.

In the last few decades, targeting cancer by the use of dietary phytochemicals has gained enormous attention. The plausible reason and believe or mind set behind this fact is attributed to either lesser or no side effects of natural compounds as compared to the modern chemotherapeutics, or due to their conventional use as dietary components by mankind for thousands of years. Silibinin is a naturally derived polyphenol (a flavonolignans), possess following biochemical features; molecular formula CHO, Molar mass: 482.

Long Non-Coding RNAs as Strategic Molecules to Augment the Radiation Therapy in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Intrinsic resistance to ionizing radiation is the major impediment in the treatment and clinical management of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), leading to tumor relapse and poor prognosis. Although several biological and molecular mechanisms are responsible for resistance to radiotherapy in ESCC, the molecule(s) involved in predicting radiotherapy response and prognosis are still lacking, thus requiring a detailed understanding. Recent studies have demonstrated an imperative correlation amongst several long non-coding RNAs and their involvement in complex cellular networks like DNA damage and repair, cell cycle, apoptosis, proliferation, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition.

A panel of circulating long non-coding RNAs as liquid biopsy biomarkers for breast and cervical cancers.

The early detection and diagnosis of cancer is critical to optimize the treatment and management of cancer patients. Typical methods such as imaging and tissue biopsy are invasive, time-consuming, and often imprecise. Thus, recent technological advances of dependable, facile, and minimally invasive collectible oncogenic biomarkers using human biofluids and secretions have been an active area of research.

Long non-coding RNA TINCR as potential biomarker and therapeutic target for cancer.

Despite the recent scientific advances made in cancer diagnostics and therapeutics, cancer still remains the second leading cause of death worldwide. Thus, there is a need to identify new potential biomarkers/molecular targets to improve the diagnosis and treatment of cancer patients. In this regard, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), a type of non-coding RNA molecule, have been found to play important roles in diverse biological processes, including tumorigenesis, and may provide new biomarkers and/or molecular targets for the improved detection of treatment of cancer.

Molecular mechanisms of action of epigallocatechin gallate in cancer: Recent trends and advancement.

Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), also known as epigallocatechin-3-gallate, is an ester of epigallocatechin and gallic acid. EGCG, abundantly found in tea, is a polyphenolic flavonoid that has the potential to affect human health and disease. EGCG interacts with various recognized cellular targets and inhibits cancer cell proliferation by inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest.

Cancer Susceptibility Candidate 9 (CASC9): A Novel Targetable Long Noncoding RNA in Cancer Treatment.

Based on epidemiological data provided by the World Health Organization (2018), cancer is the second most prevalent cause of death worldwide. Several factors are thought to contribute to the high mortality rate in cancer patients, including less-than-optimal diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Thus, there is an urgent need to identify accurate biomarkers with diagnostic, prognostic, and potential therapeutic applications.