Natural clay as a sorbent to remove pharmaceutical micropollutants from wastewater.

Worldwide, the aquatic environment is contaminated by micro-pollutants, such as ingredients of personal care products, pesticides and pharmaceuticals. This contamination is one of the major environmental issues of global concern. Adsorption is one of approach, which has been most extensively discussed within recent years for the reduction of the input of micro-pollutants into the environment.

Hazard screening of photo-transformation products from pharmaceuticals: Application to selective β-blockers atenolol and metoprolol.

The identification of toxic components in cocktail mixtures of pollutants, their metabolites and transformation products (TPs) generated from environmental and treatment processes remains an arduous task. This study expanded in this area by applying a combination of chemical analytics, a battery of in vitro bioassays and an in silico "testing battery" to UV photolysis mixtures of active pharmaceutical ingredients. The objectives were to understand the toxic nature of the mixtures and to prioritize photo-TPs for risk analysis.

Transformation products in the water cycle and the unsolved problem of their proactive assessment: A combined in vitro/in silico approach.

Transformation products (TPs) emerging from incomplete degradation of micropollutants in aquatic systems can retain the biological activity of the parent compound, or may even possess new unexpected toxic properties. The chemical identities of these substances remain largely unknown, and consequently, the risks caused by their presence in the water cycle cannot be assessed thoroughly. In this study, a combined approach for the proactive identification of hazardous elements in the chemical structures of TPs, comprising analytical, bioanalytical and computational methods, was assessed by the example of the pharmaceutically active micropollutant propranolol (PPL).

Re-Designing of Existing Pharmaceuticals for Environmental Biodegradability: A Tiered Approach with β-Blocker Propranolol as an Example.

Worldwide, contamination of aquatic systems with micropollutants, including pharmaceuticals, is one of the challenges for sustainable management of water resources. Although micropollutants are present at low concentrations, many of them raise considerable toxicological concerns, particularly when present as components of complex mixtures. Recent research has shown that this problem cannot be sustainably solved with advanced effluent treatment.

Designing green derivatives of β-blocker Metoprolol: a tiered approach for green and sustainable pharmacy and chemistry.

The presences of micro-pollutants (active pharmaceutical ingredients, APIs) are increasingly seen as a challenge of the sustainable management of water resources worldwide due to ineffective effluent treatment and other measures for their input prevention. Therefore, novel approaches are needed like designing greener pharmaceuticals, i.e.

Qualitative environmental risk assessment of photolytic transformation products of iodinated X-ray contrast agent diatrizoic acid.

Recent studies have confirmed that the aquatic ecosystem is being polluted with an unknown cocktail of pharmaceuticals, their metabolites and/or their transformation products (TPs). Although individual chemicals are typically present at low concentrations, they can interact with each other resulting in additive or potentially even synergistic mixture effects. Therefore it is necessary to assess the environmental risk caused by these chemicals.