Placental Proteomics Reveals an Elevated Level of Aldo-Keto Reductase 1-B1, Highlighting Its Potential Role in Spontaneous Preterm Birth.

Preterm birth (PTB) refers to the delivery of a baby before the completion of 37 weeks of gestation. It is a significant global health issue with implications for both mothers and neonates. The placenta is a transient organ crucial in the sustenance of pregnancy until parturition; its dysfunction is associated with different adverse pregnancy outcomes, including PTB.

Induction of PD-1 and CD44 in CD4 T cells by circulatory extracellular vesicles from severe dengue patients drives endothelial damage via the NF-kB signaling pathway.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) emerged as critical contributors to the pathogenesis of vascular endothelial barrier dysfunction during the inflammatory response to infection. However, the contribution of circulating EVs to modifying endothelial function during dengue virus infection remains unclear. In this study, we showed that severe dengue patients' plasma-derived EV (SD-EV) were found to carry elevated levels of different protein cargos, e.

Zinc-doped hydroxyapatite loaded chitosan gelatin nanocomposite scaffolds as a promising platform for bone regeneration.

The advancement in the arena of bone tissue engineering persuades us to develop novel nanocomposite scaffolds in order to improve antibacterial, osteogenic, and angiogenic properties that show resemblance to natural bone extracellular matrix. Here, we focused on the development of novel zinc-doped hydroxyapatite (ZnHAP) nanoparticles (1, 2 and 3 wt%; size: 50-60 nm) incorporated chitosan-gelatin nanocomposite scaffold, with an interconnected porous structure. The addition of ZnHAP nanoparticles decreases the pore size (~30 µm) of the chitosan gelatin scaffold.

Glycation Produces Topologically Different α-Synuclein Oligomeric Strains and Modulates Microglia Response via the NLRP3-Inflammasome Pathway.

α-Synuclein, a key player in Parkinson's disease and other synucleinopathies, possesses an inherently disordered structure that allows for versatile structural changes during aggregation. Microglia, the brain immune cells, respond differently to various α-synuclein strains, influencing their activation and release of harmful molecules, leading to neuronal death. Post-translational modifications, such as glycation in α-synuclein, add a layer of complexity to microglial activation.

Molecular and eco-physiological responses of soil-borne lead (Pb)-resistant bacteria for bioremediation and plant growth promotion under lead stress.

Lead (Pb) is the 2 known portentous hazardous substance after arsenic (As). Being highly noxious, widespread, non-biodegradable, prolonged environmental presence, and increasing accumulation, particularly in arable land, Pb pollution has become a serious global health concern requiring urgent remediation. Soil-borne, indigenous microbes from Pb-polluted sites have evolved diverse resistance strategies, involving biosorption, bioprecipitation, biomineralization, biotransformation, and efflux mechanisms, under continuous exposure to Pb in human-impacted surroundings.

Soft-Template-Based Manufacturing of Gold Nanostructures for Energy and Sensing Applications.

Implantable and wearable bioelectronic systems can enable tailored therapies for the effective management of long-term diseases, thus minimising the risk of associated complications. In this context, glucose fuel cells hold great promise as in- or on-body energy harvesters for ultra-low-power bioelectronics and as self-powered glucose sensors. We report here the generation of gold nanostructures through a gold electrodeposition method in a soft template for the abiotic electrocatalysis of glucose in glucose fuel cells.

Hotspot site microenvironment in the deubiquitinase OTUB1 drives its stability and aggregation.

Lewy bodies (LB) are aberrant protein accumulations observed in the brain cells of individuals affected by Parkinson's disease (PD). A comprehensive analysis of LB proteome identified over a hundred proteins, many co-enriched with α-synuclein, a major constituent of LB. Within this context, OTUB1, a deubiquitinase detected in LB, exhibits amyloidogenic properties, yet the mechanisms underlying its aggregation remain elusive.

Dibutyl phthalate degradation by Paenarthrobacter ureafaciens PB10 through downstream product myristic acid and its bioremediation potential in contaminated soil.

Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) is a widely used plasticizer to make plastic flexible and long-lasting. It is easily accessible in a broad spectrum of environments as a result of the rising level of plastic pollution. This compound is considered a top-priority toxicant and persistent organic pollutant by international environmental agencies for its endocrine disruptive and carcinogenic propensities.

Silver-doped hydroxyapatite laden chitosan-gelatin nanocomposite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering: an and evaluation.

Despite the advancements in bone tissue engineering, the majority of implant failures are caused due to microbial contamination. So, efforts are being made to develop biomaterial with antimicrobial property enhancing the regeneration of damaged bone tissue. In the present study, chitosan-gelatin (CG) scaffolds containing silver-doped hydroxyapatite (AgHAP) nanoparticles at 0.

Hepatitis C virus non-structural proteins modulate cellular kinases for increased cytoplasmic abundance of host factor HuR and facilitate viral replication.

Host protein HuR translocation from nucleus to cytoplasm following infection is crucial for the life cycle of several RNA viruses including hepatitis C virus (HCV), a major causative agent of hepatocellular carcinoma. HuR assists the assembly of replication-complex on the viral-3'UTR, and its depletion hampers viral replication. Although cytoplasmic HuR is crucial for HCV replication, little is known about how the virus orchestrates the mobilization of HuR into the cytoplasm from the nucleus.

RNA-Protein Interactome at the Hepatitis E Virus Internal Ribosome Entry Site.

Multiple processes exist in a cell to ensure continuous production of essential proteins either through cap-dependent or cap-independent translation processes. Viruses depend on the host translation machinery for viral protein synthesis. Therefore, viruses have evolved clever strategies to use the host translation machinery.

Cerium oxide nanoparticles disseminated chitosan gelatin scaffold for bone tissue engineering applications.

Cell-free and cell-loaded constructs are used to bridge the critical-sized bone defect. Oxidative stress at the site of the bone defects is a major interference that slows bone healing. Recently, there has been an increase in interest in enhancing the properties of three-dimensional scaffolds with free radical scavenging materials.

Scaffold Fabrication Techniques of Biomaterials for Bone Tissue Engineering: A Critical Review.

Bone tissue engineering (BTE) is a promising alternative to repair bone defects using biomaterial scaffolds, cells, and growth factors to attain satisfactory outcomes. This review targets the fabrication of bone scaffolds, such as the conventional and electrohydrodynamic techniques, for the treatment of bone defects as an alternative to autograft, allograft, and xenograft sources. Additionally, the modern approaches to fabricating bone constructs by additive manufacturing, injection molding, microsphere-based sintering, and 4D printing techniques, providing a favorable environment for bone regeneration, function, and viability, are thoroughly discussed.

Human gut microbiota and Parkinson's disease.

The bidirectional communication between the gut and the brain has come up very fascinating in recent years. Many studies have reported that the onset of gastrointestinal issues appears long before the actual manifestation of Parkinson's disease (PD) symptoms. Disturbances in the gut-brain axis have been found to be linked with PD.

Development of a Systematic Strategy toward Promotion of α-Synuclein Aggregation Using 2-Hydroxyisophthalamide-Based Systems.

Establishing a potent scheme against α-synuclein aggregation involved in Parkinson's disease has been evaluated as a promising route to identify compounds that either inhibit or promote the aggregation process of α-synuclein. In the last two decades, this perspective has guided a dramatic increase in the efforts, focused on developing potent drugs either for retardation or promotion of the self-assembly process of α-synuclein. To address this issue, using a chemical kinetics platform, we developed a strategy that enabled a progressively detailed analysis of the molecular events leading to protein aggregation at the microscopic level in the presence of a recently synthesized 2-hydroxyisophthalamide class of small organic molecules based on their binding affinity.

Investigation on Carbonation and Permeability of Concrete with Rice Hush Ash and Shop Solution Addition.

The goal of this study was to determine the coefficient of permeability as well as the rate of carbonation of concrete constructed with rice husk ash (RHA) as a partial replacement for cement (i.e., 5%, 10%, and 15%) and two different concentrations of soap solutions (i.

Phthalates - A family of plasticizers, their health risks, phytotoxic effects, and microbial bioaugmentation approaches.

Phthalates are a family of reprotoxicant compounds, predominantly used as a plasticizer to improve the flexibility and longevity of consumable plastic goods. After their use these plastic products find their way to the waste disposal sites where they leach out the hazardous phthalates present within them, into the surrounding environment, contaminating soil, groundwater resources, and the nearby water bodies. Subsequently, phthalates move into the living system through the food chain and exhibit the well-known phenomenon of biological magnification.

Zirconia- and ceria-based electrolytes for fuel cell applications: critical advancements toward sustainable and clean energy production.

Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are emerging as energy conversion devices for large-scale electrical power generation because of their high energy conversion efficiency, excellent ability to minimize air pollution, and high fuel flexibility. In this context, this critical review has focussed on the recent advancements in developing a suitable electrolyte for SOFCs which has been required for the commercialization of SOFC technology after emphasizing the literature from the prior studies. In particular, the significant developments in the field of solid oxide electrolytes for SOFCs, particularly zirconia- and ceria-based electrolytes, have been highlighted as important advancements toward the production of sustainable and clean energy.

Proteomic analysis reveals USP7 as a novel regulator of palmitic acid-induced hepatocellular carcinoma cell death.

Nutrient surplus and consequent free fatty acid accumulation in the liver cause hepatosteatosis. The exposure of free fatty acids to cultured hepatocyte and hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines induces cellular stress, organelle adaptation, and subsequent cell death. Despite many studies, the mechanism associated with lipotoxicity and subsequent cell death still remains poorly understood.

S-Nitrosylation of OTUB1 Alters Its Stability and Ubc13 Binding.

S-Nitrosylation is a reversible post-translational modification that regulates protein function involving the covalent attachment of the nitric oxide (NO) moiety to sulfhydryl residues of the protein. It is an important regulator in the cell signaling process under physiological conditions. However, the release of an excess amount of NO due to dysregulated NOS machinery causes aberrant S-nitrosylation of proteins, which affects protein folding, localization, and activity.

Molecular insight into arsenic uptake, transport, phytotoxicity, and defense responses in plants: a critical review.

A critical investigation into arsenic uptake and transportation, its phytotoxic effects, and defense strategies including complex signaling cascades and regulatory networks in plants. The metalloid arsenic (As) is a leading pollutant of soil and water. It easily finds its way into the food chain through plants, more precisely crops, a common diet source for humans resulting in serious health risks.

A potent cadmium bioaccumulating strain displays phytobeneficial property in Cd-exposed rice seedlings.

In agricultural soil, cadmium (Cd) pollution compromises soil health, reduces crop yield, and produces Cd-contaminated crops. Bio-based approaches are necessary as an eco-friendly and sustainable solution to mitigate Cd-polluted areas. A heavy metal-resistant rhizobacterial strain (AS10) has been isolated from a heavy metal-defiled rice field.

Identification of diphenyl furan derivatives via high throughput and computational studies as ArgA inhibitors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Microbial amino acid biosynthetic pathways are underexploited for the development of anti-bacterial agents. N-acetyl glutamate synthase (ArgA) catalyses the first committed step in L-arginine biosynthesis and is essential for M. tuberculosis growth.

Enzyme producing insect gut microbes: an unexplored biotechnological aspect.

To explore the unmapped biotechnologically important microbial platforms for human welfare, the insect gut system is such a promising arena. Insects, the inhabitant of all ecological niches, harbor a healthy diversified microbial population in their versatile gut environment. This deep-rooted symbiotic relationship between insects and gut microbes is the result of several indispensable microbial performances that include: enzyme production, detoxification of plant defense compounds and insecticides, maintenance of life cycle, host fertility, bioremediation, pest biocontrol, production of antimicrobial compounds, and in addition provide vitamins, amino acids, and lactic acids to their hosts.

RNA-Protein Interaction Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 5' and 3' Untranslated Regions Reveals a Role of Lysosome-Associated Membrane Protein-2a during Viral Infection.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a positive-strand RNA virus. The viral genome is capped at the 5' end, followed by an untranslated region (UTR). There is a poly(A) tail at the 3' end, preceded by a UTR.