When to Avoid a Restaging Procedure for Non-muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer? Inferences from a Tertiary Care Center.

Unlabelled: The increasing incidence of urinary bladder carcinoma is alarming. Approximately seventy percent of these patients are non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Restage transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) is the current recommendation for any T1 and or high-grade non muscle invasive bladder cancers (NMIBC) to accurately stage the malignancy.

Small contracted bladders posing bigger problems: Etiology, presentation, and management and a short review of literature.

The purpose of this study was to assess various etiologies, diagnosis and management. This rare entity is a neglected condition which should always be under clinical suspicion by broad speciality of practitioners for early treatment. Retrospective data collected from 2018 to 2021 in the All India Institute of Medical Sciences Rishikesh was used.

Incidental encounter of intraperitoneal tuberculosis during renal surgeries: A surgeon's dilemma.

Tuberculosis is a major healthcare burden in India, which accounts for the maximum number of cases worldwide. Due to its non-specific features, peritoneal tuberculosis has been dubbed as the great mimicker of various other abdominal pathologies. This case series highlights the importance of incidental intra operative detection of peritoneal tuberculosis in cases being operated for renal pathologies.

A 17-year-old indwelling ureteral stent with large vesical calculus at one end: The tombstone of a forgotten Double "J" stent.

Objective: To highlight the presentation and management of a 17-year-old forgotten ureteral stent with a large vesical calculus at one end, a very rare yet devastating complication of ureteral stenting.

Case Presentation: A 65-year-old gentleman presented with complaints of lower urinary tract symptoms for two years with a history of ureterolithotomy done 17 years ago. Imaging revealed a forgotten ureteral stent embedded in a large vesical calculus.

A nationwide cross-sectional study to assess the impact of COVID-19 on surgical residency programs in India.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic with its plenitude of hardships has been a challenge for residents in training. Besides the fear of contracting the disease, the complete reconfiguration of hospital services has severely affected the surgical residency programs across India. The current study highlights the lacunae that have arisen in the residency programs and design appropriate solutions to reframe the remaining part of the surgical training.

Beyond Prostate Specific Antigen: New Prostate Cancer Screening Options.

Prostate specific antigen (PSA) is one of the best-known biomarkers for screening, diagnosis and follow-up of patients for prostate cancer. Owing to several inherent limitations with PSA, various newer blood and urinary based biomarkers have been evaluated in pursuit of better detection and risk stratification of prostate cancer cases. A combination of these different markers, in adjunct with clinical risk factors, and recent advances in imaging promises to offer better diagnostic performance with clearer risk stratification guiding therapeutics.

Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma with Sarcomatoid Differentiation in a Native Kidney of Transplant Recipient: A Case Report and Review of Literature.

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) developing in a transplant recipient is about 5-20 times higher than the general population. It is more common in native kidneys than graft kidney, and incidence varies between 0.3% and 4.

Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Approach in a Patient of Zinner Syndrome with Hematuria: A Rare Presentation.

Congenital malformations of the seminal vesicles (SVs) are rare and are often associated with abnormalities of the ipsilateral upper tracts as embryologically both the ureteral buds and SVs arise from the mesonephric ducts. The triad of SV cysts, ipsilateral renal agenesis, and ejaculatory duct obstruction is known as the Zinner syndrome. We herein present the case of Zinner syndrome with hematuria as the mode of presentation.

Role of positron emission tomography/computed tomography in the evaluation of renal cell carcinoma.

Introduction: Positron emission tomography (PET) is not a standard recommendation in most of the major guidelines for the evaluation of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Earlier studies evaluating PET scan in patients with RCC have provided discordant results. However, with the advent of newer hybrid PET/computed tomography (CT) scanning systems, this modality has shown increased efficacy in the evaluation of primary renal masses along with the detection of extrarenal metastases, restaging recurrent RCC, and also in monitoring response to targeted therapy.

Feasibility and usefulness of online virtual training of urology residents in times of COVID-19: A single-center experience and an evidence-based strength, weakness, opportunity, and threat analysis.

Background: The COVID-19 disease has resulted in an almost complete shutdown of all services worldwide. Hospitals continued to provide emergency services and treatment for COVID-19 disease. Teaching hospitals like ours had another responsibility at hand; training of our surgical residents.

Neoadjuvant Therapy for Cisplatin Ineligible Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer Patients: A Review of Available Evidence.

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radical cystectomy is the standard of care for muscle invasive non-metastatic bladder cancer patients. While cisplatin based neoadjuvant chemotherapy has been recommended, systemic therapy in a neoadjuvant setting for cisplatin ineligible patients still needs to be addressed. Various strategies like split dosing cisplatin chemotherapy, carboplatin based chemotherapy and taxanes based chemotherapy have been tried as neoadjuvant therapy for cisplatin ineligible patients.

Deciphering the enigma of female urethral strictures: A systematic review and meta-analysis of management modalities.

Objective: To evaluate the management methods of female urethral stricture (FUS) and analyze the outcomes of surgical treatments. A meta-analysis was done in an attempt to identify the best approach of urethroplasty and the graft-of-choice.

Materials And Methods: A systematic search of Pubmed/Medline and Embase databases was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items For Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis statement, for articles reporting on FUS management in the last decade.

Female counterpart of the Zinner syndrome in men: decoding the 'OHVIRA' syndrome.

The obstructed hemivagina and ipsilateral renal agenesis (OHVIRA) syndrome, a rare Mullerian duct anomaly, is a triad of uterine anomalies with ipsilateral renal agenesis and obstructed hemivagina. The aetiopathogenesis of this developmental anomaly is debatable, with several theories being postulated to explain its occurrence. We report two cases of this rare syndrome which were detected on imaging done for unrelated reasons.

A wide spectrum of rare clinical variants of Zinner syndrome.

Congenital malformations of the seminal vesicles (SVs) are rare and are associated with abnormalities of the ipsilateral urinary tracts as embryologically both the ureteral buds and SVs arise from the mesonephric ducts. The triad of SV cysts, ipsilateral renal agenesis and ejaculatory duct obstruction is known as the Zinner syndrome. We, herein, present three very rare presentations of Zinner syndrome.

Da Vinci Walks the Pebbled Streets of a Primary Obstructed Megaureter with Ureterocele.

Primary obstructed megaureter (POM) usually refers to primary dilated ureters in which vesicoureteral reflux and other secondary causes of lower ureteral obstruction have been ruled out. We herein present a case of obstructed megaureter with a dilated saccular lower end representing an ureterocele and concomitant multiple multifaceted stones almost completely filling the dilated tortuous ureter of a normally functioning and excreting kidney. Our index case was a 45-year-old lady with intermittent right flank pain for a year with acute colic since a week.

Spontaneous Large Urinoma Secondary to Obstructing Ureteral Calculus: A Kidney Pop-Off Mechanism.

Spontaneous rupture of the urinary collecting system with extravasation of urine is a rare complication of obstructive stone disease. Most of the cases are caused by obstructive ureteral stones. We herein present a case of a spontaneous caliceal rupture with a large perirenal urinoma formation that was silent on presentation and managed with endoscopic stenting and percutaneous catheter drainage.

Technical modifications in dorsal onlay female urethroplasty: Time to make way for amendments.

Objective: Surgical treatment for female urethral stricture is varied and lacks consensus. Dorsal and ventral approaches of urethroplasty have comparable success rate with debatable limitations. We describe modifications in dorsal onlay graft urethroplasty to mitigate the surgical limitations and improve functional outcomes.

in the tropics: A rare fungal cause of perinephric abscess.

Perinephric and renal abscess are very rare entities with insidious presentation and pose a great diagnostic challenge, common etiology being bacterial. Only less than 30 cases of fungal etiology have been reported in literature. Herein, we report first case of fungal perinephric abscess caused by in a young diabetic female who presented with right flank pain and vomiting.

Subcapsular Renal Hematoma Following Ureteroscopic Lithotripsy: An Uncommon Complication of a Common Procedure-A Report of Two Cases.

To highlight the unusual complication of subcapsular renal hematoma (SRH) after a seemingly simple ureteroscopic lithotripsy (URSL), to try and identify the predisposing factors that lead to this complication, and steps that can be taken to further decrease the incidence of this rare but potential life-threatening complication. We highlight two cases of obstructed ureteral stones with upstream hydronephrosis who presented with colicky pain. Both underwent URSL with 8F/9.

Meatal-sparing dorsal onlay vaginal graft urethroplasty: widening the surgical horizons of female urethral stricture.

Aim Of The Video: Female urethral stricture is an uncommon but challenging entity in the spectrum of female pelvic dysfunctions. There are various reconstructive techniques but none can be recommended over another. We present a case of meatal-sparing dorsal onlay vaginal graft urethroplasty as a surgical variation of the standard dorsal approach.

Clinical spectrum, diagnosis, and sexual dysfunction after repair of fracture penis: Is no news good news?

Introduction: Penile fracture is a rare urological emergency, best managed by early surgical intervention, but the data on subsequent sexual function is sparse. This study was designed to analyze the clinical spectrum and sexual function after penile fracture repair at our tertiary care center.

Materials And Methods: Ambispective observational study was undertaken from July 2002 to August 2019 which included patients admitted with a history of trauma to the penis in the erect state.