Sociodemographic Factors of Asthma Prevalence and Costs Among Children and Adolescents in the United States, 2016-2021.

Introduction: Asthma is a chronic condition with a high prevalence and cost of care among children and adolescents. While previous research described the association of sociodemographic factors with childhood asthma prevalence, there is limited knowledge of these factors' association with medical expenditures. In this study, we examined disparities in treated asthma prevalence and medical expenditures among US children and adolescents.

Using Randomized Controlled Trials to Estimate the Effect of Community Interventions for Childhood Asthma.

Introduction: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Controlling Childhood Asthma and Reducing Emergencies initiative aims to prevent 500,000 emergency department (ED) visits and hospitalizations within 5 years among children with asthma through implementation of evidence-based interventions and policies. Methods are needed for calculating the anticipated effects of planned asthma programs and the estimated effects of existing asthma programs. We describe and illustrate a method of using results from randomized control trials (RCTs) to estimate changes in rates of adverse asthma events (AAEs) that result from expanding access to asthma interventions.

Return on investment of self-management education and home visits for children with asthma.

Objective: Priorities of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's 6|18 Initiative include outpatient asthma self-management education (ASME) and home-based asthma visits (home visit) as interventions for children with poorly-controlled asthma. ASME and home visit intervention programs are currently not widely available. This project was to assess the economic sustainability of these programs for state asthma control programs reimbursed by Medicaid.

The Economic Burden of Asthma in the United States, 2008-2013.

Rationale: Asthma is a chronic disease that affects quality of life, productivity at work and school, and healthcare use; and it can result in death. Measuring the current economic burden of asthma provides important information on the impact of asthma on society. This information can be used to make informed decisions about allocation of limited public health resources.

Economic implications of unintentional carbon monoxide poisoning in the United States and the cost and benefit of CO detectors.

Background: Unintentional non-fire-related (UNFR) carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning has been among the leading causes of poisoning in the United States. Current estimation of its economic burden is important for an optimal allocation of resources for UNFR CO poisoning prevention.

Objective: This study was to estimate the morbidity costs of UNFR CO poisoning.

Economic Valuation of Selected Illnesses in Environmental Public Health Tracking.

Background: In benefit-cost analysis of public health programs, health outcomes need to be assigned monetary values so that different health endpoints can be compared and improvement in health can be compared with cost of the program. There are 2 major approaches for estimating economic value of illnesses: willingness to pay (WTP) and cost of illness (COI). In this study, we compared these 2 approaches and summarized valuation estimates for 3 health endpoints included in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Environmental Public Health Tracking Network-asthma, carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning, and lead poisoning.

State-level medical and absenteeism cost of asthma in the United States.

Objective: For medically treated asthma, we estimated prevalence, medical and absenteeism costs, and projected medical costs from 2015 to 2020 for the entire population and separately for children in the 50 US states and District of Columbia (DC) using the most recently available data.

Methods: We used multiple data sources, including the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, U.S.

Costs of Chronic Diseases at the State Level: The Chronic Disease Cost Calculator.

Introduction: Many studies have estimated national chronic disease costs, but state-level estimates are limited. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention developed the Chronic Disease Cost Calculator (CDCC), which estimates state-level costs for arthritis, asthma, cancer, congestive heart failure, coronary heart disease, hypertension, stroke, other heart diseases, depression, and diabetes.

Methods: Using publicly available and restricted secondary data from multiple national data sets from 2004 through 2008, disease-attributable annual per-person medical and absenteeism costs were estimated.

Economic value of home-based, multi-trigger, multicomponent interventions with an environmental focus for reducing asthma morbidity a community guide systematic review.

Context: A recent systematic review of home-based, multi-trigger, multicomponent interventions with an environmental focus showed their effectiveness in reducing asthma morbidity among children and adolescents. These interventions included home visits by trained personnel to assess the level of and reduce adverse effects of indoor environmental pollutants, and educate households with an asthma client to reduce exposure to asthma triggers. The purpose of the present review is to identify economic values of these interventions and present ranges for the main economic outcomes (e.

Costs of asthma in the United States: 2002-2007.

Background: The economic burden of asthma is an important measure of the effect of asthma on society. Although asthma is a costly illness, the total cost of asthma to society has not been estimated in more than a decade.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to provide the public with current estimates of the incremental direct medical costs and productivity losses due to morbidity and mortality from asthma at both the individual and national levels for the years 2002-2007.

The economic implications of influenza vaccination for adults with asthma.

Background: Influenza vaccination is recommended for adults with asthma.

Purpose: This study estimates the effect of influenza vaccination on utilization of medical services and expenditures for acute and chronic respiratory conditions (ACRC) among adults with asthma.

Methods: The sample was adults aged ≥18 years self-reporting asthma in the 2003 through 2006 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS), covering four complete influenza seasons.

An economic evaluation of the school-based "power breathing" asthma program.

This study evaluated the cost effectiveness of the "Power Breathing" program for asthma among middle and high school students. Few systematic evaluations of school based interventions--let alone cost-effectiveness programs--have been identified in the literature. Power Breathing was developed by the Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America and is currently available for implementation by school districts.

The economic impact of an urban asthma management program.

Objectives: To examine costs associated with an asthma management program that reduces asthma-related health services utilization and to calculate potential return on investment (ROI) from the Medicaid managed care plan perspective.

Study Design: Cross-sectional.

Methods: Clinical and economic data were obtained for 3298 ethnically diverse children with asthma (48% with persistent asthma) who resided in a poor urban community (Hartford, Connecticut) and were enrolled in Easy Breathing, an asthma management program for pediatricians.

What is the cost to employers of direct medical care for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. In 2000, an estimated 10.5 million people had COPD, of which more than 7.