Macrophage-HIV interaction: viral isolation and target cell tropism.

Viral isolates were recovered by cocultivation on macrophage colony-stimulatingfactor (MCSF)-treated monocyte target cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in 25 out of 27 patients seropositive or at risk for HIV infection. Frequency of virus recovery was independent of the patient's age, sex, numbers of CD4+ T cells, clinical stage or zidovudine (azidothymidine) therapy. Sixteen out of 19 HIV isolates were serially passaged in MCSF- treated monocytes.

Adult sphingomyelinase deficiency: report of 2 patients who initially presented with psychiatric disorders.

We studied 2 unrelated adult patients under neuroleptic treatment who met all phenotypic and biochemical criteria for Niemann-Pick disease type B. In addition, they had chronic psychiatric disorders and low blood levels of HDL cholesterol. The marked and persistent deficiency of acid sphingomyelinase and the disturbance of sphingomyelin metabolism in skin fibroblast subcultures ruled out a pure drug-induced lipidosis.

[Use of polymorphous DNA probes in the study of French families with Huntington's chorea].

Huntington disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by an autosomal dominantly inherited defect. The discovery of DNA polymorphisms genetically linked to the HD locus provided the possibility of an early presymptomatic test. The first marker locus described (G-8) had an approximately 5% recombination rate with the HD locus, and the subsequent discovery of some more tightly linked marker loci, notably D 495, has greatly improved the accuracy of presymptomatic testing.

Analysis of peripheral blood granulocyte-macrophage colony growth by limiting dilution assay.

Analysis of myeloid progenitor cells in the peripheral blood (peripheral blood colony-forming unit granulocyte-macrophage; PBCFU-GM) is limited by their low frequency and by the presence of inhibitory cell populations. These factors limit the study of cytokines and cellular influences on PBCFU-GM in semisolid media assays and complicate the interpretation of data. We have developed a limiting dilution assay (LDA) in liquid culture for PBCFU-GM that allows evaluation of inhibitory or accessory effects of other cell populations and estimation of progenitor cell frequency.

[Cerebrospinal fluid pleiocytosis in multiple sclerosis].

Comparative study 100 MS patients with CSF pleiocytosis (greater than 2 cell/mm3) and 100 MS patients with normal cell count in CSF (less than 2 cells/mm3), showed that the pleiocytosis is not a severity index. Pleiocytosis was observed in recent MS disease occurring in young adult patients.

Cellular pharmacology of liposomal cis-bis-neodecanoato-trans-R,R-1,2-diaminocyclohexaneplatinum (II) in mouse resident peritoneal macrophages, Kupffer cells, and hepatocytes.

The in vitro and in vivo interaction of liposomal cis-bis-neodecanoato-trans-R,R-1,2-diaminocyclohexaneplatinum++ + (II) (L-NDDP) with mouse resident peritoneal macrophages (RPM), Kupffer cells (KC), and hepatocytes was studied. The peak in vitro uptake of L-NDDP by RPM was 12.5 ng elemental platinum/100 micrograms cell protein and constituted 0.

Familial adrenoleukodystrophy: long chain fatty acid levels and analysis with a factor VIII DNA probe.

Segregation studies of X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) and a cloned desoxyribonucleic fragment (factor VIII gene), which detects polymorphism in the distal end of the long arm of the X chromosome (Xq28), are reported in a large sibship ALD family. The findings should permit better identification of carriers and add a new marker for identifying the ALD gene itself.

[Identification of asymptomatic forms of type I amyloid neuropathy].

Results of DNA analysis in 8 patients with type I amyloid neuropathy (ANI) are reported. A direct link exists between the mutated gene of the prealbumin and the ANI. Carriers of the gene mutating for prealbumin were identified.

Induction of tissue transglutaminase in human peripheral blood monocytes by intracellular delivery of retinoids.

Human peripheral blood monocytes (HPBM) from normal donors, isolated by counter-current centrifugal elutriation into two subpopulations, showed no significant difference in their ability to differentiate in vitro into macrophages as determined by induction of a protein cross-linking enzyme tissue transglutaminase (TGase). The two subpopulations were equally responsive to the augmenting effect of recombinant interferon-gamma (rIFN-gamma) on expression of tissue TGase. In vitro maturation and treatment with rIFN-gamma of HPBM were associated with increased binding of tritiated retinol.

Depletion of T lymphocytes from human bone marrow by the use of counterflow elutriation centrifugation.

Normal donor bone marrow buffy coat (BMBC) cells were fractionated into three subsets by counterflow elutriation centrifugation. Fraction 1 (Fr-1) was lymphocyte-enriched, fraction 2 (Fr-2) was a mixture of lymphocytes and myelomonocytic cells, and fraction 3 (Fr-3) was enriched for myelomonocytic cells. The extent of T cell depletion was determined by limiting dilution analysis of the growth of T cells.

Effector mechanisms of human monocyte-mediated tumor cytotoxicity in vitro: biochemical, functional, and serological characterization of cytotoxins produced by peripheral blood monocytes isolated by counterflow elutriation.

Human peripheral blood monocytes, isolated in high purity by centrifugal counterflow elutriation from normal donors, release cell toxins, herein termed human monocyte toxins (HMTs) upon further stimulation in vitro. The principal form of HMTs produced by these human peripheral blood monocytes has been subjected to biochemical, functional, and serological characterization. By molecular sieving on Sephacryl S-200, HMTs can be resolved into two molecular weight classes.

Characterization of small and large human peripheral blood monocytes: effects of in vitro maturation on hydrogen peroxide release and on the response to macrophage activators.

Human peripheral blood monocytes (HPBM) isolated from normal donors by centrifugal elutriation were divided into two populations according to volume. (Median volumes of small monocytes (SM) and large monocytes (LM) were 255 micron and 280 micron, respectively.) H2O2 production was determined during in vitro culture and in response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and to recombinant human interferon-gamma (rIFN-gamma).

Effector mechanisms of human monocyte-mediated tumor cytotoxicity in vitro: parameters of induction of cytotoxins from peripheral blood monocytes isolated by counterflow elutriation.

Human peripheral blood monocytes, isolated in high purity by centrifugal counterflow elutriation from normal donors, were stimulated in vitro to release cell toxins, herein termed human monocyte toxin(s) (HMT). Bacterial lipopolysaccharide, the lipophilic 6-O-stearoyl derivative of muramyl dipeptide, and 4 beta-phorbol-12 beta-myristate-13 alpha-acetate served as effective induction signals. Induction involved a sequence of transcription, translation, and secretion, all necessary for HMT synthesis and release into the supernatant as determined by blocking of these functions with the drugs actinomycin D, cycloheximide, and monensin, respectively; HMT levels reached a peak within 4-6 h and thereafter declined.

[Familial predisposition to multiple sclerosis].

Seven families were studied to evaluate the influence of genetic factors in MS and its transmissibility. The disease was associated with some B7 and/or DR2 alleles in relation to the susceptibility gene in all but one case. This association was always transmissible conjointly.

The alteration of hamster serum elastase inhibitory capacities by chloramine T, in vitro and in vivo.

The major elastase inhibitor of human serum, alpha-1 proteinase inhibitor (A1PI), is susceptible to oxidative inactivation by a variety of agents, including chloramine T. We have examined the effects of chloramine T on the catalytic activity of porcine pancreatic (PPE) and human leukocyte elastase (HLE) and on the elastase inhibitory capacity of hamster, rat, and human serum as well as pure human A1PI. Both PPE and HLE, but not trypsin, were inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner by concentrations of chloramine T greater than 0.

Centrifugal elutriation as a method for isolation of large numbers of functionally intact human peripheral blood monocytes.

Centrifugal elutriation was used further to isolate human peripheral blood monocytes (HPBM) from mononuclear-enriched cells harvested as a secondary component following platelet concentration collection samples. HPBM were recovered in either one or two populations consisting of either total HPBM or small (SM) and large monocytes (LM). The elutriation was carried out at 3,500 +/- 5 rpm for the separation of lymphocytes and HPBM in Ca++- and Mg++-free PBS without EDTA.

Lack of renal tubular and hemodynamic effects of non-selective and delta-opioid receptor antagonism.

The renal pharmacological actions of the non-selective opioid receptor antagonist naloxone and the selective delta (delta)-opioid receptor antagonist ICI 154,129 were examined in conscious dogs. Neither naloxone nor ICI 154,129 altered glomerular filtration rate, renal blood flow, blood pressure, heart rate, or renal excretion of water, Na+, K+, or Cl-. In addition, urine and plasma osmolality and electrolyte concentrations and hematocrit were unchanged, suggesting that neither agent produced physiologically significant alteration in plasma vasopressin levels.

[Adult disclosure of a case of familial adrenoleukodystrophy].

We report a case of adult adrenoleukodystrophy. The patient, originating from North Africa, had no clinical history until age 23. The first disorder, a spastic paraparesis, occurred after a 5 days coma following a cranial traumatism.

[Study of thesaurismosis induced by perhexiline maleate. Confirmation of experimental data].

Perhexiline maleate is an amphiphilic molecule. Along with many other drugs it is responsible for experimental and, in some instances, clinical lipidoses. Sphingomyelinase deficiency has been evidenced in cell cultures incubated with perhexiline maleate.