Recommendations for good practice in ultrasound: oocyte pick up.

Study Question: What is good practice in ultrasound (US), and more specifically during the different stages of transvaginal oocyte retrieval, based on evidence in the literature and expert opinion on US practice in ART?

Summary Answer: This document provides good practice recommendations covering technical aspects of US-guided transvaginal oocyte retrieval (oocyte pick up: OPU) formulated by a group of experts after considering the published data, and including the preparatory stage of OPU, the actual procedure and post-procedure care.

What Is Known Already: US-guided transvaginal OPU is a widely performed procedure, but standards for best practice are not available.

Study Design Size Duration: A working group (WG) collaborated on writing recommendations on the practical aspects of transvaginal OPU.

Infertility and surrogacy first mentioned on a 4000-year-old Assyrian clay tablet of marriage contract in Turkey.

Mankind has been expressing the breeding topic for thousands of years. Reproduction is the primary instinct of human beings and it is a social, cultural, medical issue. Demographic infertility is one of them, which is defined infertility as the inability to become pregnant with a live birth, within five years of regular sexual contact based upon a consistent union status in marriage maintaining a desire for a child with the lack of contraceptive use and non-lactating.

Serum Angiogenic and Anti-angiogenic Markers in Pregnant Women with Placenta Percreta.

Background: Placenta percreta is the morbidly adherent form of all the placental invasion abnormalities. The pathology that underlies placenta percreta is poorly understood.

Aims: To compare the levels of circulating vascular endothelial growth factor, placental growth factor and soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 in pregnant women with placenta percreta to a control group.

Serum endothelin-1 and placental alkaline phosphatase levels in placenta percreta and normal pregnancies.

Purpose: To evaluate the circulatory levels of endothelin 1 (ET-1) and the placental alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in pregnant women with placenta percreta (PP) and a control group.

Methods: This study was carried out in the Obstetrics and Gynecology and in the Biochemistry Departments of Harran University Medical School. Forty-four women who underwent cesarean section (CS) due to PP and 44 women who underwent CS for other obstetric reasons were included in this study.

Does apoptotic activity have a role in the development of the placental abruption?

Objective: The purpose of the present study is to analyses the role of apoptotic activity in placental abruption (PA) development by evaluating the level of plasma M30-M65.

Methods: The study group included 46 pregnant women who underwent caesarean sections (CS) because of PA, and the control group included 48 pregnant women who underwent CS because of obstetric causes. Venous blood samples were received from all expectants before starting the CS for the purpose of evaluating the M30-M65 levels, which are indicators of apoptotic activity in maternal plasma.

Are multiple repeated cesarean sections really as safe?

Aim: Surgical complications were compared between patients with three or less prior cesarean deliveries and four or more prior cesarean deliveries.

Materials And Methods: Records of 120 patients who had undergone cesarean sections (CSs) in our Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, between August and November 2015, were retrospectively studied. Cases were reviewed on the basis of age, type of operation, type of anesthesia, number of CSs, time of hospitalization, and intra-operative and post-operative complications.

Prevalence and types of cervical human papillomavirus among Turkish women and its relationship with demographic factors in a gynecology outpatient clinic.

Purpose Of Investigation: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of various human papillomavirus (HPV) types and its relationship with some risk factors among Turkish women.

Materials And Methods: A total of 673 patients were included in the study. Cervical samples were taken from the patients for routine Pap smear and HPV DNA tests.

De novo DNA methylation drives 5hmC accumulation in mouse zygotes.

Zygotic epigenetic reprogramming entails genome-wide DNA demethylation that is accompanied by Tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 3 (Tet3)-driven oxidation of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC; refs 1-4). Here we demonstrate using detailed immunofluorescence analysis and ultrasensitive LC-MS-based quantitative measurements that the initial loss of paternal 5mC does not require 5hmC formation. Small-molecule inhibition of Tet3 activity, as well as genetic ablation, impedes 5hmC accumulation in zygotes without affecting the early loss of paternal 5mC.

Zinc and homocysteine levels in polycystic ovarian syndrome patients with insulin resistance.

In this study, our objective was to evaluating the value of serum zinc levels as an etiologic and prognostic marker in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome. We conducted a prospective study, including 53 women with polycystic ovarian syndrome and 33 healthy controls. We compared serum zinc levels, as well as clinical and metabolic features, of the cases.

Naive pluripotency is associated with global DNA hypomethylation.

Naive pluripotent embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and embryonic germ cells (EGCs) are derived from the preimplantation epiblast and primordial germ cells (PGCs), respectively. We investigated whether differences exist between ESCs and EGCs, in view of their distinct developmental origins. PGCs are programmed to undergo global DNA demethylation; however, we find that EGCs and ESCs exhibit equivalent global DNA methylation levels.

Role of oxidative stress in intrauterine growth restriction.

Aims: The objectives of this study were to determine the role of oxidative stress in intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and to investigate the possible molecular mechanism(s) leading to oxidant stress in IUGR.

Methods: Parameters of the oxidative and antioxidant system were evaluated in maternal plasma, umbilical cord blood, and placental tissue of pregnant women with IUGR fetuses. The same samples were obtained from women with normal pregnancies and were evaluated.

A new syndrome with prenatally diagnosed thoracoschisis, hiatal hernia and extremities' agenesis: case report.

Thoracoschisis is a very rare congenital anomaly and is usually associated with limb and abdominal wall defects forming part of limb-body wall complex. We here present a case of a 29-week-4-day pregnancy ended with intrauterine demise. Postmortem examination revealed hiatal hernia, thoracoschisis and protrusion of some part of liver from this defect, left forearm agenesis and right arm and right hand agenesis.

Spontaneous closure of the hymen during pregnancy.

Imperforate hymen is a rare disorder that is usually discovered at the onset of menstruation. In the literature, secondary closure of the hymen has been reported in 2 cases, both of which occurred subsequent to surgical procedures that involved the hymen. We report an interesting case of the spontaneous formation of an imperforate hymen during pregnancy in the absence of previous surgical procedures.

Prenatal diagnosis of diastematomyelia in a 15-week-old fetus.

Objective: A case of prenatal diagnosis of diastematomyelia is presented.

Methods: A case of fetal diastematomyelia, diagnosed by prenatal sonography, demonstrated the typical sonographic features of this condition. In this case it was detected at 15 weeks of gestation, and presented with a midline echogenic focus in the posterior region of the thoracolumbar spine.

Primary omental pregnancy: case report.

Omental pregnancy is a very rare form of ectopic pregnancy. Here we presented a case of primary omental pregnancy diagnosed at surgical exploration. A 28 year old woman submitted with severe abdominal pain, without any delay of menstruation.