Co-Occurrence of and Fungi on Garlic: Investigation of Pathogen-Pathogen Interactions and Screening for Resistance of Garlic Cultivars.

Garlic ( L.), a vital global crop, suffers significant losses from soil-borne fungal pathogens such as , responsible for bulb rot, and , the causal agent of white rot. In May 2023, garlic fields near Makó City, Hungary, showed simultaneous yellowing and wilting symptoms of unknown fungal infestations, which appeared sporadically.

Preliminary Investigation of Effect of Neem-Derived Pesticides on Pathotype 704 in Sunflower under and Conditions.

Two neem-derived pesticides were examined under and conditions to test their efficacy in controlling pathotype 704, a causal agent of downy mildew in sunflower. All the tested concentrations of neem leaf extract and the highest concentration of commercial neem product significantly reduced the sporangial germination under conditions. In experiment, 3-days old pre-treated seedlings with both concentrations of neem leaf extract and the highest concentration of commercial product showed a significant reduction in the infection indicating possible systemic effect of neem.

Investigating the Side-Effects of Neem-Derived Pesticides on Commercial Entomopathogenic and Slug-Parasitic Nematode Products Under Laboratory Conditions.

Lethal effects of neem derived pesticides (neem leaf extract (NLE) and NeemAzal-T/S (NA)) were examined on different entomopathogenic (EPN) and slug-parasitic (SPN) nematodes. In our recent study, neem derived pesticides were tested against for the first time under in vitro conditions. Laboratory experiments were set up in 96-well microplates with different concentrations of NLE (0.

First Report on the Occurrence of a New Pathotype, 714, of Plasmopara halstedii (Sunflower Downy Mildew) in Hungary.

Downy mildew of sunflower, caused by Plasmopara halstedii (Farlow) Berlese et de Toni, is an economically important disease in Hungary and much of Europe. The known pathotypes (races) of the pathogen influence the resistance genes (Pl genes) incorporated into new sunflower hybrids to manage the disease. There are at least 36 pathotypes of P.

First Report on the Increased Distribution of Pathotype 704 of Plasmopara halstedii in Hungary.

Downy mildew of sunflower caused by Plasmopara halstedii (Farlow) Berlese et de Toni is a devastating disease worldwide. The treatment of seeds with fungicides and the use of resistant cultivars are widely employed control measures against this oomycete. Effective protection, however, may be hindered by the high genetic variability of the pathogen.

Biological and molecular characterisation of potential biocontrol strains of Trichoderma.

Thirty-four strains of seven species of Trichoderma isolated from various fungal sources were compared for direct mycoparasitic activity (MPA), chitinase production and antibiotic activity (ANA) in order to choose the most appropriate partners for a strain-breeding programme. Within species genetic differences were also assesses in T. hamatum, T.

Analysis of esterase zymograms of Fusarium sambucinum and related species.

Esterase zymograms were obtained following polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis of protein extracts Fusarium sambucinum and related species originating from different geographic locations and different matrices. The sites of esterase activity were recorded, and the Rfs were calculated. The data were used for the construction of phenograms by cluster analysis and nonlinear mapping by computerized classification techniques.