Levels of autonomy in FDA-cleared surgical robots: a systematic review.

The integration of robotics in surgery has increased over the past decade, and advances in the autonomous capabilities of surgical robots have paralleled that of assistive and industrial robots. However, classification and regulatory frameworks have not kept pace with the increasing autonomy of surgical robots. There is a need to modernize our classification to understand technological trends and prepare to regulate and streamline surgical practice around these robotic systems.

Identifying Predictors of Initial Surgical Failure during Minimally Invasive Endoscopic Intracerebral Hemorrhage Evacuation.

: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a common and severe disease with high rates of morbidity and mortality; however, minimally invasive surgical (MIS) hematoma evacuation represents a promising avenue for treatment. In February of 2019, the MISTIE III study found that stereotactic thrombolysis with catheter drainage did not benefit patients with supratentorial spontaneous ICH but that a clinical benefit may be present when no more than 15 mL of hematoma remains at the end of treatment. Intraoperative CT (iCT) imaging has the ability to assess whether or not this surgical goal has been met in real time, allowing for operations to add additional CT-informed 'evacuation periods' (EPs) to achieve the surgical goal.

Surgical techniques for evacuation of chronic subdural hematoma: a mini-review.

Chronic subdural hematoma is one of the most common neurosurgical pathologies with over 160,000 cases in the United States and Europe each year. The current standard of care involves surgically evacuating the hematoma through a cranial opening, however, varied patient risk profiles, a significant recurrence rate, and increasing financial burden have sparked innovation in the field. This mini-review provides a brief overview of currently used evacuation techniques, including emerging adjuncts such as endoscopic assistance and middle meningeal artery embolization.

Minimally Invasive Intracerebral Hemorrhage Evacuation Improves Pericavity Cerebral Blood Volume.

Cerebral blood volume mapping can characterize hemodynamic changes within brain tissue, particularly after stroke. This study aims to quantify blood volume changes in the perihematomal parenchyma and pericavity parenchyma after minimally invasive intracerebral hemorrhage evacuation (MIS for ICH). Thirty-two patients underwent MIS for ICH with pre- and post-operative CT imaging and intraoperative perfusion imaging (DynaCT PBV Neuro, Artis Q, Siemens).

Consensus recommendations on therapeutic hypothermia after minimally invasive intracerebral hemorrhage evacuation from the hypothermia for intracerebral hemorrhage (HICH) working group.

Background And Purpose: Therapeutic hypothermia (TH), or targeted temperature management (TTM), is a classic treatment option for reducing inflammation and potentially other destructive processes across a wide range of pathologies, and has been successfully used in numerous disease states. The ability for TH to improve neurological outcomes seems promising for inflammatory injuries but has yet to demonstrate clinical benefit in the intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) patient population. Minimally invasive ICH evacuation also presents a promising option for ICH treatment with strong preclinical data but has yet to demonstrate functional improvement in large randomized trials.

Development and Clinical Validation of a Finite Element Method Model Mapping Focal Intracranial Cooling.

Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) is a common and effective technique to reduce inflammation and induce neuroprotection across a variety of diseases. Focal TH of the brain can avoid the side effects of systemic cooling. The degree and extent of focal TH are a function of cooling probe design and local brain thermoregulation processes.

Stimulating the Facial Nerve to Treat Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review.

Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is a common devastating disease that has increased yearly in absolute number of cases since 1990. While mechanical thrombectomy and tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) have proven to be effective treatments, their window-of-efficacy time is very short, leaving many patients with no viable treatment option. Over recent years there has been a growing interest in stimulating the facial nerves or ganglions to treat AIS.

Telehealth treatment for nonspecific low back pain: A review of the current state in mobile health.

Introduction: Nonspecific low back pain (LBP) is an idiopathic musculoskeletal condition that affects four of five individuals in their lifetime and is the leading cause of job-related disability in the United States. The interest in interactive and dynamic telehealth treatments for LBP continues to grow, and it is important for the medical community to remain up-to-date on the state of the science.

Literature Survey: Relevant studies published from March 2016 until March 2021 were identified through a systematic search of EMBASE, MedLine, and Web of Science.

Using Postmarket Surveillance to Assess Safety-Related Events in a Digital Rehabilitation App (Kaia App): Observational Study.

Background: Low back pain (LBP) affects nearly 4 out of 5 individuals during their lifetime and is the leading cause of disability globally. Digital therapeutics are emerging as effective treatment options for individuals experiencing LBP. Despite the growth of evidence demonstrating the benefits of these therapeutics in reducing LBP and improving functional outcomes, little data has been systematically collected on their safety profiles.

Therapeutic hypothermia for intracerebral hemorrhage: Systematic review and meta-analysis of the experimental and clinical literature.

Background: Intracerebral hemorrhage remains the deadliest form of stroke worldwide, inducing neuronal death through a wide variety of pathways. Therapeutic hypothermia is a robust and well-studied neuroprotectant widely used across a variety of specialties.

Aims: This review summarizes results from preclinical and clinical studies to highlight the overall effectiveness of therapeutic hypothermia to improve long-term intracerebral hemorrhage outcomes while also elucidating optimal protocol regimens to maximize therapeutic effect.

Convergence of cytokine dysregulation and antibody deficiency in common variable immunodeficiency with inflammatory complications.

Background: Noninfectious complications are the greatest cause of morbidity and mortality in common variable immunodeficiency (CVID), but their pathogenesis remains poorly defined.

Objective: Using high-throughput approaches, we aimed to identify, correlate, and determine the significance of immunologic features of CVID with noninfectious complications (CVIDc).

Methods: We simultaneously applied proteomics, RNA sequencing, and mass cytometry to a large cohort with primary antibody deficiency.

DNMT3A haploinsufficiency causes dichotomous DNA methylation defects at enhancers in mature human immune cells.

DNMT3A encodes an enzyme that carries out de novo DNA methylation, which is essential for the acquisition of cellular identity and specialized functions during cellular differentiation. DNMT3A is the most frequently mutated gene in age-related clonal hematopoiesis. As such, mature immune cells harboring DNMT3A mutations can be readily detected in elderly persons.

A novel mutation with variable expressivity in a family with unicentric and idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease.

can be mutated in individuals diagnosed with unicentric and idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease. Defective lymphocyte apoptosis may be a pathological mechanism shared between Castleman disease and autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome.