Effect of Chiropractic Intervention on Oculomotor and Attentional Visual Outcomes in Young Adults With Long-Term Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: This study aimed to establish if chiropractic care can improve oculomotor and cognitive symptoms in individuals with persistent postconcussion syndrome (PPCS).

Methods: A single-blind, randomized controlled intervention study recorded baseline computerized eye-tracker assessment (CEA) outcomes in 40 young adults with PPCS following mild traumatic brain injury. Participants were randomly allocated to either a chiropractic or age-matched active control intervention, and the change in CEA outcomes following intervention was compared between the chiropractic and control groups.

Cervical Spine Vibration Modifies Oculomotor Function in Young Adults with Traumatic Brain Injury.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate if vibrational interference of spinal proprioception affects oculomotor function, visual attention and processing, and selective attention in individuals with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) compared to healthy age-matched controls.

Methods: This study was a parallel design, single-session intervention with 20 young adults with mTBI and 20 age-matched controls. Each completed a battery of computerized eye-tracking assessments (CEAs), including egocentric localization, fixational stability, smooth pursuit, saccades, Stroop, and the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR), and then had their cervical spine function (flexion-relaxation ratio) recorded at baseline.

Mitohormesis during advanced stages of Duchenne muscular dystrophy reveals a redox-sensitive creatine pathway that can be enhanced by the mitochondrial-targeting peptide SBT-20.

Mitochondrial creatine kinase (mtCK) regulates the "fast" export of phosphocreatine to support cytoplasmic phosphorylation of ADP to ATP which is more rapid than direct ATP export. Such "creatine-dependent" phosphate shuttling is attenuated in several muscles, including the heart, of the D2.mdx mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy at only 4 weeks of age.

Response of the human choroid to short-term changes in eyelid and periocular temperature.

Clinical Relevance: Choroidal thickness measurement is gaining popularity in clinical practice and research as an early indicator of myopia progression. Understanding the influence of temperature on choroidal thickness changes will improve the reliability of the measures.

Background: It has been suggested that environmental temperature may affect choroidal thickness and blood flow, with potential implications for ocular disease and refractive development.

Underserved groups could be better considered within population-based eye health surveys: a methodological study.

Objectives: In pursuit of health equity, the World Health Organization has recently called for more extensive monitoring of inequalities in eye health. Population-based eye health surveys can provide this information, but whether underserved groups are considered in the design, implementation, and reporting of surveys is unknown. We conducted a systematic methodological review of surveys published since 2000 to examine how many population-based eye health surveys have considered underserved groups in their design, implementation, or reporting.

Classification of short and long term mild traumatic brain injury using computerized eye tracking.

Accurate, and objective diagnosis of brain injury remains challenging. This study evaluated useability and reliability of computerized eye-tracker assessments (CEAs) designed to assess oculomotor function, visual attention/processing, and selective attention in recent mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), persistent post-concussion syndrome (PPCS), and controls. Tests included egocentric localisation, fixation-stability, smooth-pursuit, saccades, Stroop, and the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR).

Dual-focus contact lenses for myopia control modify central retinal electrophysiology in humans.

Introduction: Dual-focus contact lenses create two focal planes, one providing a clear retinal image while the other imposes myopic defocus on the retina to slow myopia progression. This study used global-flash multifocal electroretinogram (gmfERG) response amplitudes to compare central versus peripheral retinal responses under dual-focus conditions and to assess the optimal degree of myopic defocus compared with a single-vision control lens.

Methods: Twenty participants each underwent three gmfERG trials, wearing a spectacle correction over dual-focus contact lenses with plano central power and peripheral secondary focal powers of either +2.

Mitochondrial creatine sensitivity is lost in the D2. model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy and rescued by the mitochondrial-enhancing compound Olesoxime.

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is associated with distinct mitochondrial stress responses. Here, we aimed to determine whether the prospective mitochondrial-enhancing compound Olesoxime, prevents early-stage mitochondrial stress in limb and respiratory muscle from D2. mice using a proof-of-concept short-term regimen spanning 10-28 days of age.

Objective estimation of fusional reserves using infrared eye tracking: the digital fusion-range test.

Clinical Relevance: Horizontal fusional reserves are used in the diagnosis and monitoring of common vergence disorders, such as convergence insufficiency, which can cause asthenopia and impact near work. Infrared eyetracking technology shows promise for obtaining automated and objective measurements of fusional reserves, expanding options for screening, clinical testing, and at-home monitoring/vision training.

Background: Current clinical tests for fusional reserves rely on subjective judgements made by patients (for diplopia) and clinicians (for eye movements).

Diagnosis of colour vision deficits using eye movements.

We set out to develop a simple objective test of functional colour vision based on eye movements made in response to moving patterns. We exploit the finding that while the motion of a colour-defined stimulus can be cancelled by adding a low-contrast luminance-defined stimulus moving in the opposite direction, the "equivalent luminance contrast" required for such cancellation is reduced when colour vision is abnormal. We used a consumer-grade infrared eye-tracker to measure eye movements made in response to coloured patterns drifting at different speeds.

'Thrown into the fossil gap': Indigenous Australian ancestral bodily remains in the hands of early Darwinian anatomists, c. 1860-1916.

This article examines in contextual depth the investigations of Indigenous Australian ancestral bodily remains by four influential British Darwinian comparative anatomists active between 1860 and 1919: George Rolleston (1829-1881), William Henry Flower (1831-1899), Alexander Macalister (1844-1919), and William Turner (1832-1916). It also reviews the examination of the structural morphology of the brains of four Indigenous Australians by Macalister's protégé, Wynfrid Lawrence Henry Duckworth (1870-1956). Since the 1970s, Darwinian scientists of the last third of the long nineteenth century have been represented in connection with the efforts of Indigenous Australian communities to have the remains of their ancestors returned for burial, as having acquired and investigated their skulls and other bodily structures to prove their evolutionary inferiority, and thereby legitimate their violent dispossession and near enslavement under so-called 'protective' regimes, where they struggled to maintain their families' health and well-being, their languages and culture.