Emerging Treatment Options for Neuroendocrine Neoplasms of Unknown Primary Origin: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives.

Among neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs), a non-negligible proportion (9-22%) is represented by sufferers of NENs of unknown primary origin (UPO), a poor prognostic group with largely unmet clinical needs. In the absence of standard therapeutic algorithms, current guidelines suggest that the treatment of UPO-NENs should be based on tumor clinical-pathological characteristics, disease burden, and patient conditions. Chemotherapy represents the backbone for the treatment of high-grade poorly differentiated UPO-NENs, usually providing deep but short-lasting responses.

The importance of length and area estimate for forensic medicine without using a measurement tool.

Background/aim: Accurately measuring and recording the length or area of lesions affects the judgement of the forensic report, surgical wound management and, in some countries, the billing of health care services. The aim of this study was to determine whether the length and area of lesions described by physicians by estimation are accurate.

Materials And Methods: This study was designed as a cross-sectional descriptive study and was conducted with 494 participants consisting of internists and physicians at Ondokuz Mayıs University, Faculty of Medicine.

Oncological treatment administration at end of life: a retrospective study.

This work evaluated the proportion of patients who continue therapy until their last month of life or initiate a new therapy in the last 3 months of life (end of life [EOL]). Data for 486 patients were retrospectively collected. In EOL, 205 (42.

Feasibility and Activity of Megestrol Acetate in Addition to Etoposide, Doxorubicin, Cisplatin, and Mitotane as First-Line Therapy in Patients with Metastatic/Unresectable Adrenocortical Carcinoma with Low Performance Status.

(1) Background: The standard first-line therapy for advanced adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is represented by EDP-M (etoposide, doxorubicin, cisplatin + mitotane). Progestins have shown cytotoxic activity both in vitro and in vivo on ACC; better EDP-M tolerability and efficacy have been hypnotized due to the association with progestins. (2) Methods: The feasibility and tolerability of EDP-M combined with oral megestrol acetate (EDP-MM) were tested in 24 patients (pts) affected by metastatic ACC with a low performance status (PS); the case group was compared with a 48 pts control group according to the propensity score.

Outcome of brain metastases from adrenocortical carcinoma: a pooled analysis.

Purpose: Brain metastases rarely complicate the natural history of patients with adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC). No information is available regarding the life expectancy and efficacy of treatments in ACC patients with brain involvement.

Methods: A pooled analysis was performed by searching on PubMed and using the keywords: "brain metastases in adrenocortical carcinoma", and "leptomeningeal metastases in adrenocortical carcinoma".

Experiences of LGBTI+ individuals in accessing right to health; a survey study from Turkey.

Background: In Turkey, LGBTI+s is experiencing discrimination in all areas of their lives.

Objectives: We aimed to determine the problems experienced by LGBTI+s living in Turkey in accessing their right to health.

Methods: An online questionnaire containing 37 open-ended and multiple-choice questions about respondent's demographic characteristics, experiences in accessing and receiving health services was prepared.

Extended Adjuvant Endocrine Treatment in Luminal Breast Cancers in the Era of Genomic Tests.

In patients with early-stage endocrine receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer (BC), adjuvant endocrine therapy (ET) for 5 years is the standard of care. However, for some patients, the risk of recurrence remain high for up to 15 years after diagnosis and extended ET beyond 5 years may be a reasonable option. Nevertheless, this strategy significantly increases the occurrence of side effects.

Treatment and outcome of metastatic parathyroid carcinoma: A systematic review and pooled analysis of published cases.

Background: Parathyroid carcinoma (PC) is an extremely rare malignant tumor with an incidence of about 6 new cases per 10 million inhabitants per year. While several papers have been published on treatments and outcomes of PC patients with loco-regional disease, little is known about the prognosis, treatment strategies, and prognostic factors of patients with distant metastasis.

Materials And Methods: We performed a systematic review and a pooled analysis of histopathologically confirmed PC cases published in literature using the following keywords: "metastasis-metastatic-secondary nodes" AND "parathyroid carcinoma".

Sexual Abuse of Children in Turkey: Psychiatric Evaluation of 1785 Cases.

Introduction: This study aims to investigate the characteristic features of sexual abuse of children with a focus on psychiatric consequences and other associated elements.

Methods: We evaluated 1785 child sexual abuse cases who were referred to the Ondokuz Mayis University Faculty of Medicine Forensic Medicine Department for examination and forensic reports during the 14-year period between 2006 - 2019. The study involved the examination of the patient files/records of victims of child sexual abuse.

Advances in adrenocortical carcinoma pharmacotherapy: what is the current state of the art?

Introduction: Surgery, followed or not by adjuvant mitotane, is the current mainstay of therapy for patients with early-stage adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC). Mitotane, either alone or in association with EDP (Etoposide-Doxorubicin-Cisplatin) combination chemotherapy, is the standard approach for patients with metastatic ACC.

Areas Covered: The activity of newer cytotoxic drugs, radioligands, targeted therapies, and immunotherapy, both in preclinical and clinical studies, will be reviewed in this paper.

Taste Alterations Do Not Affect Change in Food Habits and Body Weight in Breast Cancer Patients.

Background/aim: Chemotherapy-induced taste alterations (TAs) affect approximately 53-84% of breast cancer patients with significant consequences on flavor perception, possibly leading to food aversion and changes in daily dietary habits. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between TAs and changes in food habits and body weight among early breast cancer (EBC) patients undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy.

Patients And Methods: TAs were prospectively evaluated in 182 EBC patients from April 2014 to June 2018.

Supportive therapies in patients with advanced adrenocortical carcinoma submitted to standard EDP-M regimen.

Purpose: The management of patients with advanced/metastatic adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is challenging, EDP-M (etoposide, doxorubicin, cisplatin combined with mitotane) is the standard regimen. However, it is quite toxic, so an adequate supportive therapy is crucial to reduce as much as possible the side effects and maintain the dose intensity of cytotoxic agents.

Methods: We describe the main side effects of the EDP-M scheme and the best way to manage them based on the experience of the Medical Oncology Unit of the Spedali Civili of Brescia.

Taste alterations during neo/adjuvant chemotherapy and subsequent follow-up in breast cancer patients: a prospective single-center clinical study.

Purpose: Dysgeusia and taste alterations (TAs) are side effects of cytotoxic chemotherapy and affect patients' quality of life; however, the prevalence, types, and duration of TAs and their potential relationship with other clinical disturbances are not well-described. Our primary aim was to prospectively evaluate the characteristics of TAs in early breast cancer (EBC) patients during (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy and up to 1 year after its completion.

Methods: From April 2014 to June 2018, 182 EBC patients entered the study and received (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy, mostly with taxane and anthracycline-containing regimens (65% of cases).

Ovarian Strumal Carcinoid: Case Report, Systematic Literature Review and Pooled Analysis.

Background: Ovarian strumal carcinoid is a rare tumor in which thyroid (struma) and carcinoid components coexist. The disease is generally considered to be a borderline malignancy, however, cases with metastatic disease have been described. No data in the literature are available to guide diagnosis and therapy.

Phase II study of cabazitaxel as second-third line treatment in patients with metastatic adrenocortical carcinoma.

Background: Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare and aggressive malignancy with a poor prognosis. No efficacious treatment options are currently available for patients with advanced metastatic disease with disease progression to standard etoposide, doxorubicin, cisplatin and mitotane (EDP-M) therapy. We assessed the activity and tolerability of cabazitaxel as a second/third-line approach in metastatic ACC.

Accurate Triage of Oncological Patients for Safely Continuing Cancer Therapy During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of clinical triage of oncological patients for safe continuation of cancer therapy implemented during the first SARS-CoV-2 outbreak.

Methods: Between 25 February and 21 April 2020, patients attending the Medical Oncology Unit, Spedali Civili Hospital, Brescia (Italy) for cancer therapy underwent triage to identify those with no signs and symptoms suspicious for SARS-CoV-2 infection in which antineoplastic treatment could be continued as scheduled. Triage questions investigated common symptoms (e.

Different management of adrenocortical carcinoma in children compared to adults: is it time to share guidelines?

Pediatric and adult adrenocortical carcinomas differ in many respects but treatment is often similar in both age groups. The Journal of Clinical Oncology recently published the results of a risk-stratified single-arm interventional trial conducted by the Children's Oncology Group in which 77 patients were treated in three different interventional cohorts. In this Point of View paper we comment on the treatment strategies adopted within the ARAR0332 trial in terms of surgery approach, duration of adjuvant therapies, and palliative chemotherapy.

Copper-Catalyzed Intermolecular Functionalization of Unactivated C(sp)-H Bonds and Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids.

Intermolecular functionalization of C(sp)-H bonds and aliphatic carboxylic acids enables the efficient synthesis of high value-added organic compounds from readily available starting materials. Although methods involving hydrogen atom transfer have been developed for such functionalization, these methods either work for only activated C(sp)-H bonds or bring in a narrow set of functional groups. Here we describe a Cu-catalyzed process for the diverse functionalization of both unactivated C(sp)-H bonds and aliphatic carboxylic acids.

Changes in eating habits and food preferences in breast cancer patients undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy.

Change in eating habits in early breast cancer (EBC) patients during chemotherapy has been poorly studied in the literature. The primary aim of this study was to prospectively evaluate food preferences and weight change in EBC patients before and after adjuvant chemotherapy. From April 2014 to June 2018, 205 EBC patients underwent a dietary assessment according to the following timeline: baseline evaluation (one week before starting chemotherapy, T0); first follow-up (approximately 2-3 months after starting chemotherapy, T1); final follow-up (one week after chemotherapy end, T2).

Case Report: Exceptional Response to Second Line Temozolomide Therapy in a Patient With Metastatic Adrenocortical Carcinoma.

Background: In a recently published retrospective case series, Temozolomide was found active as second line approach in advanced ACC patients. The disease control rate obtained, however, was short-lived. We report here an ACC patient with extensive metastatic disease who obtained a remarkable long lasting response with this alkylating agent.

Efficacy of the DigniCap System in preventing chemotherapy-induced alopecia in breast cancer patients is not related to patient characteristics or side effects of the device.

Background: The DigniCap System is an effective scalp cooling device for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced alopecia in early breast cancer patients.

Aim: This prospective study was designed to confirm the efficacy and tolerability of the device, to explore potential factors associated with its efficacy and to collect data on patient perceptions and satisfaction.

Methods: Between January 2016 and June 2018, 163 early breast cancer patients eligible for adjuvant chemotherapy were enrolled.

Efficacy of Eribulin mesylate in older patients with breast cancer: A pooled analysis of clinical trial and real-world data.

Purpose: Eribulin mesylate (EM) is a non-taxane microtubule inhibitor approved for use in patients with metastatic breast cancer. With this pooled analysis of retrospective studies, we evaluated the efficacy and toxicity profile of EM in older patients with breast cancer in the real-world setting.

Methods: We performed a systematic database search for studies published up to March 2019 and reporting outcome and adverse events with EM in older patients (≥70 years).