Micrognathia and cleft palate as a cause of obstructive sleep apnoea in infants.

Aim: Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is common in Robin sequence (RS). We investigated the significance of micrognathia, cleft palate and sleep positioning on OSA in infants.

Methods: We analysed our 13-year national reference centre polysomnography (PSG) dataset.

NAPping PAnts (NAPPA): An open wearable solution for monitoring Infant's sleeping rhythms, respiration and posture.

Study Objectives: To develop a non-invasive and practical wearable method for long-term tracking of infants' sleep.

Methods: An infant wearable, NAPping PAnts (NAPPA), was constructed by combining a diaper cover and a movement sensor (triaxial accelerometer and gyroscope), allowing either real-time data streaming to mobile devices or offline feature computation stored in the sensor memory. A sleep state classifier (wake, N1/REM, N2/N3) was trained and tested for NAPPA recordings ( = 16649 epochs of 30 s), using hypnograms from co-registered polysomnography (PSG) as a training target in 33 infants (age 2 weeks to 18 months; Mean = 4).

Type one chiari malformation as a cause of central sleep apnea and hypoventilation in children.

Objectives: Chiari type 1 malformation (CM1) may occasionally lead to central sleep apnea (CSA). We studied, in a large clinical cohort of pediatric CM1 patients, the effect of CM1 on breathing during sleep.

Methods: This is a retrospective single pediatric pulmonology center study with a systematic evaluation of pediatric CM1 patients under age 18 with polysomnography (PSG) during 2008-2020.

Microstructural White Matter Abnormalities in Children and Adolescents With Narcolepsy Type 1.

Background: In 2010, the H1N1 Pandemrix vaccination campaign was followed by a sudden increase in narcolepsy type 1 (NT1). We investigated the brain white matter microstructure in children with onset of NT1 within two years after the Pandemrix vaccination.

Methods: We performed diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on 19 children and adolescents with NT1 and 19 healthy controls.

Children's interstitial lung disease: Multidetector computed tomography patterns and correlations between imaging and histopathology.

Purpose: Childhood interstitial lung disease (chILD) is an umbrella concept covering a wide range of rare lung diseases, many of which are unique to childhood. The diagnosis is based on clinical presentation, multidetector computed tomography (MDCT), genetic testing, lung-function testing, and lung biopsy. Because knowledge of the usefulness of MDCT pattern recognition in ChILD is at present limited, we examined the occurrence of MDCT patterns in children with histologically confirmed interstitial lung disease.

Obstructive sleep apnea in young infants: Sleep position dependence and spontaneous improvement.

Objectives: The natural evolution of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in young infants is not established.

Methods: We re-evaluated 10-year pediatric sleep center infant polysomnography (PSG) data, excluding infants with syndromes, genetic defects, structural anomalies or periodic breathing > 5% of sleep time.

Results: Obstructive events > 1 h were evident in 255 infants, of which 91 were eligible for the study.

Sleep-related breathing disorder in non-infectious pulmonary complications after pediatric allogeneic stem cell transplantation.

Background: Chronic lung problems are a rare but serious complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). We studied clinical phenotypes and polysomnography appearance of breathing abnormality in late onset non-infectious pulmonary complications (NIPS).

Methods: We reviewed Finnish national reference database between the years 1999 and 2016.

Supplemental Oxygen Treats Periodic Breathing without Effects on Sleep in Late-Preterm Infants.

Background: The effect of supplemental oxygen on sleep has not been studied in preterm infants.

Methods: We studied 18 stable late-preterm infants with observed periodic breathing at a median gestational age of 36 weeks. Polysomnography was performed on room air and on 25% oxygen-enriched ambient air.

Obstructive sleep apnea is position dependent in young infants.

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea in infants with Pierre Robin sequence is sleep-position dependent. The influence of sleep position on obstructive events is not established in other infants.

Methods: We re-evaluated ten-year pediatric sleep center data in infants aged less than six months, with polysomnography performed in different sleep positions.

Finnish children who experienced narcolepsy after receiving the Pandemrix vaccine during the 2009-2010 H1N1 pandemic demonstrated high level of psychosocial problems.

Aim: We assessed psychosocial burdens in children who developed narcolepsy after receiving the Pandemrix H1N1 vaccine during the 2009-2010 pandemic. Parental quality of life was also assessed.

Methods: This multicentre study covered four of the five Finnish University Hospital Districts, which dealt with about 90% of the paediatric narcolepsy cases after the Pandemrix vaccination.

Caffeine is a respiratory stimulant without effect on sleep in the short-term in late-preterm infants.

Background: Caffeine is widely used in preterm infants for apnea control. It has no effect on sleep in the only existing polysomnographic study including ten preterm infants Behavioral and polygraphic studies have conflicting results.

Methods: We studied 21 late-preterm infants at a median gestational age of 36 weeks.

Pierre Robin sequence causes position-dependent obstructive sleep apnoea in infants.

Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and feeding difficulties are key problems for Pierre Robin sequence (PRS) infants. OSA management varies between treatment centres. Sleep positioning represents the traditional OSA treatment, although its effectiveness remains insufficiently evaluated.

An Open Source Classifier for Bed Mattress Signal in Infant Sleep Monitoring.

Objective: To develop a non-invasive and clinically practical method for a long-term monitoring of infant sleep cycling in the intensive care unit.

Methods: Forty three infant polysomnography recordings were performed at 1-18 weeks of age, including a piezo element bed mattress sensor to record respiratory and gross-body movements. The hypnogram scored from polysomnography signals was used as the ground truth in training sleep classifiers based on 20,022 epochs of movement and/or electrocardiography signals.

Spontaneous and apnea arousals from sleep in preterm infants.

Background: The significance of arousal in apnea termination in preterm infants is not known.

Methods: We investigated the appearance of arousals from sleep with polysomnography for 21 preterm infants at a median age of 36 gestational weeks.

Results: The polysomnographic appearance of sleep was fragmented by frequent arousals.

Caffeine and supplemental oxygen effectively suppress periodic breathing with only minor effects during long episodes of apnoea in preterm infants.

Aim: We investigated the characteristics and effects of sleep stage, supplemental oxygen and caffeine on periodic breathing (PB) and apnoea of prematurity (AOP) in preterm infants.

Methods: This 2013-2015 study recruited 21 preterm infants on neonatal wards in the Helsinki and Uusimaa Hospital District, Finland, at a median corrected gestational age of 35.7 weeks and performed polysomnography at baseline, during supplemental oxygen and during caffeine treatment.

Local changes in computational non-rapid eye movement sleep depth in infants.

Objective: Deep NREM sleep and its hallmark EEG phenomenon slow wave activity (SWA) are under homeostatic control in adults. SWA is also locally regulated as it increases in the brain areas that have been used intensively. Moreover, in children, SWA is a marker of cortical maturation.

Ventilator-derived dynamic respiratory system compliance: Comparison with static compliance in children.

Measurement of dynamic lung compliance during breathing requires measurement of esophageal pressure, whereas static respiratory system compliance (Crs) method requires several airway occlusions. Despite their precision these compliance methods are cumbersome and not suitable for evaluation of pulmonary system in intensive care. The current ventilators display dynamic Crs, which, however, is seldom utilized in clinical practice.

Assessment of extravascular lung water by ultrasound after congenital cardiac surgery.

Background: Lung ultrasounds show vertical artifacts known as B-lines in the presence of increased extravascular lung water (EVLW). We aimed to investigate whether lung ultrasound could estimate EVLW after congenital cardiac surgery.

Methods: This prospective observational study comprised 61 children (age range 3 days to 7.

Detection of Novel Gene Variants Associated with Congenital Hypothyroidism in a Finnish Patient Cohort.

Background: Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is defined as the lack of thyroid hormones at birth. Mutations in at least 15 different genes have been associated with this disease. While up to 20% of CH cases are hereditary, the majority of cases are sporadic with unknown etiology.