Tuberculosis contact-tracing results in childhood: a retrospective study in a tertiary-care children's hospital in Turkey.

Background: Smear-positive adults with tuberculosis are the main source of childhood tuberculosis. The evaluation of children exposed to tuberculosis and determination of the disease stages are the cornerstones of managing childhood tuberculosis.

Aim: To determine the frequency of tuberculous contact, latent tuberculosis infection and tuberculosis disease in children who were in contact with smear-positive adults.

Community-acquired S. aureus infection in childhood: a multi-center study.

Background: The prevalence of community-acquired methicillin-resistant S. aureus (CA-MRSA) has been increasing worldwide. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of MRSA in community-acquired S.

Is There a Role for Laboratory Parameters in Predicting Coronary Artery Involvement in Kawasaki Disease?

Background: Kawasaki disease (KD) may cause cardiac and coronary complications. Since definite markers to accurately predict coronary involvement is not present, we aimed to analyze the role of hematological indices [neutrophil-to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), lymphocyte-to monocyte ratio (LMR), and mean platelet volume (MPV)-to lymphocyte ratio (MPVLR)], prognostic nutritional index (PNI) and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) in predicting coronary involvement of KD. Patients The medical records of 134 KD patients admitted between January 2008 and December 2019 were investigated.

Clinicoepidemiological findings of childhood brucellosis in a tertiary care center in Central Anatolia: with the emphasis of hematological findings.

Background: Human brucellosis is one of the most widespread zoonotic diseases that are presented with predominantly hematological manifestations. We aimed to evaluate the hematological findings of childhood brucellosis and to determine the predictive clinical findings and laboratory tests that might be related to hematologic involvement.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of children with brucellosis between 1 January 2005 and 31 December 2018.

Bacteremic and Nonbacteremic Brucellosis in Children in Turkey.

Introduction: Human brucellosis is one of the most common zoonotic infections in the world. The definitive diagnosis of brucellosis is based on cultured Brucella organisms from blood or other tissue samples. We aimed to compare bacteremic and nonbacteremic brucellosis patients with demographical, epidemiological, clinical and laboratory features and determine the predictive factors affecting blood culture positivity.

A Case of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in a 12-Year-old Male After COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine.

The pathophysiology of multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS) in children (MIS-C) is unknown. It occurs several weeks after COVID-19 infection or exposure; however, MIS is rarely reported after COVID-19 vaccination, and cases are mostly in adults. Herein, we present a 12-year-old male who had no prior COVID-19 infection or exposure and developed MIS-C after his first dose of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine.

Factors associated with acyclovir nephrotoxicity in children: data from 472 pediatric patients from the last 10 years.

Acyclovir may cause acute kidney injury (AKI) due to the accumulation of relatively insoluble acyclovir crystals in renal tubules. The aim of this study was to evaluate risk factors associated with acyclovir-related AKI in children. Between January 2010 and December 2019, pediatric recipients of intravenous (IV) acyclovir were evaluated retrospectively.

Risk Factors of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Blood Stream Infections: Comparison With Other Gram-Negative Blood Stream Infections in Children.

Background: Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, is a nonfermentative, aerobic, Gram-negative bacilli which is intrinsically resistance to several antibiotics. Treatment options for this bacteria are quite different from the other Gram-negative bacilli, which can represent a therapeutic challenge. To initiate appropriate empiric treatment and to reduce mortality, differentiation of S.

Pediatric subdural empyema as a complication of meningitis: could CSF protein/CSF glucose ratio be used to screen for subdural empyema?

Subdural empyema (SDE) is a rare condition which can appear secondary to meningitis in childhood, especially in infants. This study was planned to evaluate and compare clinical and laboratory features, treatment, and outcome of children with SDE to those with acute bacterial meningitis (ABM) without SDE. The electronic medical files of 266 patients diagnosed with ABM between January 2009 and December 2019 were evaluated.

Characteristics, diagnosis, and treatment modality of pediatric patients with cystic echinococcosis: a single centre experience.

Kaman A, Tanır G, Çakmakçı E, Demir P, Öz FN, Aydın Teke T, Metin Ö, Gayretli Aydın ZG, Karaman A. Characteristics, diagnosis, and treatment modality of pediatric patients with cystic echinococcosis: a single centre experience. Turk J Pediatr 2019; 61: 704-713.

Dynamic thiol/disulphide homeostasis and pathogenesis of Kawasaki disease.

Background: Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute, self-limited, systemic vasculitis of unknown etiology. In the present study, we investigated whether there is a relationship between KD and dynamic thiol/disulphide homeostasis.

Methods: This case-control study involved KD patients and healthy controls.

Acyclovir Unresponsive Herpes Simplex Encephalitis in a child successfully treated with the addition of Foscarnet: Case report.

Herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) is the most common cause of sporadic focal encephalitis worldwide. Acyclovir is the treatment of choice of HSE since the 1980s. After the widespread use of acyclovir, HSE related mortality rate had reduced but resistant strains emerged.

A Case of Recrudescence Plasmodium falciparum Malaria Treated with Atovaquone-Proguanil.

Malaria is a potentially life-threatening disease caused by infection with the Plasmodium protozoa transmitted by an infective female Anopheles mosquito. Despite successful control programs in many countries, malaria remains to be a major disease burden worldwide, with approximately 584,000 deaths annually. The incidence of the disease and responsible species may differ due to increased human movements between countries.

A Rare Pediatric Case of Neurocysticercosis Misdiagnosed As Brain Abscess.

Neurocysticercosis is a parasitic infection of the central nervous system caused by the larval stage of Taenia solium. Although this zoonotic infection is one of the major public health problems in some developing countries, it is extremely rare in Turkey. In this article, we present the case of a pediatric patient with neurocysticercosis who was misdiagnosed with brain abscess because of focal seizures in another hospital.

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Pediatric Patients in a Single Tertiary Hospital in Ankara.

Objective: Leishmaniasis is an infectious disease that is caused by a protozoan parasite of the Leishmania genus and that occurs worldwide. Leishmaniasis is endemic in southeastern Turkey and the neighboring Middle Eastern countries. The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics of patients admitted to our hospital with a diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL).

Two cases of Kawasaki disease presented with acute febrile jaundice.

Kawasaki disease is an acute, systemic vasculitis of unknown etiology. Although gastrointestinal involvement does not belong to the classic diagnostic criteria; diarrhea, abdominal pain, hepatic dysfunction, hydrops of gallbladder, and acute febrile cholestatic jaundice are reported in patients with Kawasaki disease. We describe here two cases presented with fever, and acute jaundice as initial features of Kawasaki disease.

[Screening of Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Corynebacterium ulcerans and Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis in throat swab specimens of children with upper respiratory tract infections].

Although a significant decrease has been reported in the incidence of diphteria in many regions of the world following the routine diphtheria immunization programs, the emergence of new cases indicated that toxigenic strains are still circulating in the community. Diphtheria vaccine does not provide protection against asymptomatic carriage and colonization of non-toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae. It is a known fact that invasive infections may arise from non-toxigenic C.

Pediatric Tuberculosis in Turkey: A Review of 8-Years Period in a Tertiary Care Hospital.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical, radiological, microbiological characteristics, side effects of anti-TB drugs and treatment outcome of childhood definite or probable TB. The medical records of all childhood TB patients were investigated in the department of pediatric infectious disease of a tertiary care hospital between January 2005 and December 2012. Patients who followed-up until the anti-TB treatment was completed were included in the study.

Clinical and microbiological features of resistant gram-negative bloodstream infections in children.

Background: Bloodstream infections (BSIs) caused by Gram-negative (GN) bacteria cause significant morbidity and mortality. There is a worldwide increase in the reported incidence of resistant microorganisms; therefore, surveillance programs are important to define resistance patterns of GN microorganisms causing BSIs. The objective of this study was to describe the clinical and microbiological features of resistant GN BSIs in a tertiary pediatric hospital in Turkey.

Does Helicobacter pylori play a role in the pathogenesis of non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis?

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate whether Helicobacter pylori plays a role in the pathogenesis and severity of non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis, and its relationship with gastroesophageal reflux (GER).

Methods: Forty-one patients and 16 controls between 5 and 18 years of age were enrolled. H.

A case of Langerhans cell histiocytosis mimicking child abuse.

Langerhans cell histiocytosis is a rare non-malignant disease with clinical heterogeneity. The disease may present with various clinical findings and may imitate many other conditions. In this report we describe a 34-month-old girl who presented with chronic otitis and otorrhea, skull fracture, rash, vulvar edema, erythema and erosion in labia majors which initially suggested child abuse but the patient was diagnosed with Langerhans cell histiocytosis.