[Costal exostoses, complicated in the neonatal period, by brachial plexus paralysis. A distinct entity of exostoses?].

Two highly unusual cases of brachial plexus palsy due to compression by exostosis of the first rib in the neonatal period are reported. Etiologic diagnosis in these patients required elimination of other tumors of the first rib, including multiple exostoses. The contradictions found lead the authors to suggest individualization of a form of multiple exostoses different from classical multiple exostoses by a number of features including growth, complications, and inheritance.

Age-related changes in the concentration of cytosolic androgen receptors in the epididymis, vas deferens and seminal vesicle of maturing male mice.

In this study, changes in the number of androgen binding sites that occur in cytosols of epididymis, vas deferens and seminal vesicle of mice from 10 to 90 days of age are described. Specific saturable binding of [3H]R-1881 by cytosols of the three organs at all time points studied and age-related differences in the number of binding sites measured were observed. Cytosolic androgen receptor levels in all three organs studied were found to decrease with increasing age, regardless of whether the binding was expressed relative to weight of tissue, cytosolic protein or cellular DNA.

Long-term alterations on the male mouse genital tract associated with neonatal exposure to cyproterone acetate biochemical data.

The effects of neonatal administration of cyproterone acetate on the growth, hormone responsiveness, DNA and protein concentrations, protein profiles, protein synthetic patterns and nuclear androgen binding sites of epididymis, vas deferens and seminal vesicles were investigated in adult mice. The weight of epididymis and seminal vesicle was significantly depressed and the reductions observed were secondary to cellular hypoplasia in epididymis and to cellular hypotrophy in seminal vesicle. The 3 organs studied showed a limited response to exogenous androgens at adulthood.

Prolonged influence of a neonatal cyproterone acetate treatment on renal androgen binding in mice.

To determine whether neonatal endogenous androgens influence adult renal androgen binding, newborn male mice were injected from 1 to 10 days of age with cyproterone acetate and newborn females with testosterone from 1 to 10 days and from 20 to 40 days of age. In controls, at adulthood, the total cellular androgen receptor content was significantly higher in males (1700 +/- 200 receptors per cell) than in females (1060 +/- 50) and, as expected, the nuclear receptor content was 12-fold higher in males. While the total number of receptors (1650 +/- 200 per cell) was unchanged in adult males neonatally treated with cyproterone acetate, their distribution between cytosol and nucleus was similar to that in control females despite normal circulating and renal testosterone levels.

Sex-related differences in renal size in mice: ontogeny and influence of neonatal androgens.

Kidneys of adult male mice are larger than those of females because of both cellular hyperplasia and hypertrophy. Administration of testosterone to adult female mice induced cellular hypertrophy but not hyperplasia, so that the weight of the kidney remained smaller than in male mice. The sexual dimorphism in kidney size is not congenital but programmed by neonatal endogenous androgens and expressed between 30 and 40 days of age.

Regional differences in the testosterone to dihydrotestosterone ratio in the epididymis and vas deferens of adult mice.

The concentrations of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) were measured in the testis and in different segments of the epididymis and vas deferens of adult mice. There were marked regional variations in the concentrations of testosterone and DHT from the testis to the caudal part of the vas deferens. In the testis, testosterone was the predominant androgen (364 +/- 90 ng/g) while DHT was weakly represented (8 +/- 2 ng/g).

Circadian variations in plasma LH and FSH in juvenile and adult male mice.

Experiments were performed to ascertain circadian fluctuations in plasma levels of LH and FSH in juvenile and adult male mice. Animals under natural lighting (11 h day/13 h night) were killed at 1-hour intervals over a 24-hour period. There were large variations in plasma LH concentrations between animals sacrificed within each killing period.

Imprinting of male sex tissues by neonatal endogenous androgens in mice. Molecular alterations following exposure to cyproterone acetate.

This study was conducted to evaluate the growth and biochemical responsiveness of the epididymis, vas deferens and seminal vesicles of adult mice exposed to cyproterone acetate during the first 10 days of life. Results indicate that the weight and protein content of sex accessory organs were significantly depressed, testosterone and dihydrotestosterone concentrations were unaffected or increased, the number of cytosolic androgen-binding sites was slightly or significantly reduced. The efficiency of exogenous testosterone in promoting growth and protein synthesis in target organs of castrated adult males was significantly lowered by neonatal cyproterone acetate treatment.

Regulation of gonadotrophin secretion in male mice from birth to adulthood. Response to LRH injection, castration and testosterone replacement therapy.

Plasma LH and FSH concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay in male mice from birth to adulthood after LRH injection, castration and testosterone replacement therapy. Except at birth for LH, LRH significantly increased circulating levels of both gonadotrophins at all stages studied. It is suggested that a change in the pituitary LH response to LRH occurs around puberty and perhaps represents the time of initiation of pubertal processes.

Androgen receptor in genital tubercle of rabbit fetuses and newborns. Ontogeny and properties.

In newborn rabbits of both sexes, an androgen receptor was characterized in the genital tubercle. Homogenates exhibited high affinity (Kd was about 0.4 nM) and saturable binding of [3H]methyltrienolone.

Testosterone and dihydrotestosterone levels in epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicle and preputial gland of mice after hCG injection.

Temporal changes of testosterone (T) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) levels were measured by RIA in epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicle and preputial gland of adult male mice after a single injection of hCG. The response of circulating T to hCG stimulation was rapid and persisted over a period of 48 h. The temporal changes of androgen content of target organs paralleled the modifications of circulating T.

Testosterone and dihydrotestosterone levels in the epididymis, vas deferens and preputial gland of mice during sexual maturation.

The levels of testosterone (T) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in the epididymis, vas deferens and preputial gland were assessed in mice from 1 to 90 days. The weight increase of these 3 organs was proportionately greater than that of the whole body until 50 or 60 days, and they attained their adult histological appearance approximately 20 days prior to puberty. Expressed in ng/g, the concentration of androgens (T+DHT) in the epididymis (14.

Permanent changes in the functional development of accessory sex organs and in fertility in male mice after neonatal exposure to cyproterone acetate.

Male mice were injected daily with cyproterone acetate for 10 consecutive days during one of the four following periods: 1-10 days, 11-20 days, 21-30 days or 31-40 days. At all stages studied cyproterone acetate caused a significant reduction in the relative weights of epididymis, vas deferens, preputial gland and seminal vesicle in males killed 24 h after the last injection; the androgen content (testosterone + dihydrotestosterone) of the accessory sex organs was also reduced but the differences were not always significant. Cyproterone acetate treatment from 1 to 10 days resulted in a definitive reduction in the relative weights of all accessory sex organs studied and when injected from 11 to 20 days in epididymis and vas deferens.

Pituitary and gonadal function in pubertal and adult male rabbits with pseudohermaphroditism secondary to immunization of mothers against testosterone.

Pituitary and testicular function was studied in pubertal and adult rabbits with pseudohermaphroditism secondary to immunization of mothers against testosterone. Circulating testosterone, LH and FSH levels showed a developmental pattern during sexual maturation, similar to that observed in controls. Plasma FSH levels were elevated in male pseudohermaphrodites despite normal plasma testosterone concentrations.

Effects of accelerating growth on the onset of puberty in male mice.

Sexual maturation was evaluated in male mice subjected to prenatal and preweaning overnutrition induced by reduction of litter size in embryonic and post-natal life. From birth to adulthood body weight was higher in overfed males than in controls. Plasma and testicular testosterone levels followed a similar pattern in normally fed and overfed males.

Sexual maturation in male mice treated with cyproterone acetate from birth to puberty.

Cyproterone acetate was administered every 2 days from 1 to 39 days of age to male mice which were killed 24 h or 20 days after the last injection. Cyproterone acetate caused a significant reduction in the relative weights of the epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicle and preputial gland, which was still evident at 60 days after birth. Testicular and epididymal androgens (testosterone and dihydrotestosterone) and circulating LH and FSH concentrations were equal to or higher than those of controls at 60 days.

Long-term variations in plasma gonadotropins in early castrated male rabbits.

LH and FSH levels were determined by RIA in plasma samples collected every 10 days from 30 to 90 days and at 4, 5 and 6 months in control male rabbits and in rabbits castrated at 30 days of age. At all stages studied gonadotropin levels were significantly increased in castrates. Mean LH levels were not influenced by age in controls or in castrates.

Ontogeny of the secretory pattern of LH and FSH in male mice during sexual maturation.

Plasma LH and FSH concentrations were measured in male mice at 10-day intervals from 1 to 90 days and at 2-day intervals between 20 and 40 days. The skewed distribution and variability of LH concentrations observed in mice aged 20 to 90 days suggests that LH is released in an episodic fashion. Mean levels of LH and baseline concentrations increased significantly from infantile (1-20 days) to adult age (50-90 days).

Changes in ovarian oestrogens and in plasma gonadotrophins in female rabbits from birth to adulthood.

Plasma oestrogens (E1, E2) and gonadotrophins, and ovarian oestrogens, were determined in female rabbits from birth to 6 months. Increases in ovarian weight followed a curvilinear pattern, with a phase of slow growth (from 1 to 60 days) preceding a phase of rapid growth (from 60 to 90 days). At birth, E2 was already quantifiable in ovaries; it remained at very low levels up to 50 days.

Sexual stimulation does not affect plasma LH nor testosterone levels in New-Zealand male rabbits.

Young sexually naive (3-4 months) and sexually experienced (2-3 years) male rabbits were subjected to various sexual stimulation procedures. Blood samples were taken just before and 30 min after mounting (unreceptive females) or coitus (receptive females). Testosterone and luteinizing hormone were assayed using specific radioimmunoassays.

Testicular response to HCG stimulation and sexual maturation in mice.

2 IU HCG/10 g body weight were administered intraperitoneally to male mice at 1, 20, 30, 40, 60 and 90 days of age. Testosterone was quantified by radioimmunoassay 1 h later in the plasma and the testes. At all stages studied HCG significantly increased testicular and circulating testosterone over the concentrations determined in saline-injected controls.

Effect of preweaning undernutrition on testicular development in male mice.

Testicular development was evaluated in male mice subjected to undernutrition from birth to weaning (20 days) by separating pups from their mothers. Underfed and normally fed animals were sacrificed every 10 days from 20 to 60 days. From 20 to 60 days, body and testes weights were significantly lower in underfed males.

Testosterone and dihydrotestosterone in sexual ducts and genital tubercle of rabbit fetuses during sexual organogenesis: effects of fetal decapitation.

Testosterone (T) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) have been measured in the plasma, sexual ducts and genital tubercle in rabbit fetuses of both sexes during sexual organogenesis. T and DHT were also measured in decapitated male fetuses. In male, T appeared successively in testes (day 19), mesonephros (day 20) and Wolffian ducts (day 22).

Age-related changes in the feedback regulation of gonadotrophin secretion in the immature and adult male rabbit.

Male rabbits were castrated at infantile (30 days), peripubertal (60 days) and adult (7-8 months) stages. Two different doses of testosterone were injected 10 days after castration (5 injections at 12 h intervals). Plasma LH and FSH were determined by RIA 1, 5 and 10 days after castration and 1 h after the last injection of testosterone.

Testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) in plasma of rabbit from birth to adulthood. Correlation with sexual and behavioural development.

Plasma testosterone, LH and FSH levels were determined and correlated with reproductive organs growth, testicular differentiation, fighting and mounting behaviour in maturing rabbit. An infantile phase of development extends from birth to 40 days, characterized by low testosterone and FSH levels, decreasing LH levels (until 20 days) and by a slow growth of testis and seminal vesicle. The peripubertal phase starts abruptly around day 40.