Distinct ethnic differences in lipid profiles across glucose categories.

Context: Dyslipidemia coexists with hyperglycemia. However, little is known about the ethnic differences in lipid profiles at comparable glucose tolerance status.

Objective: The aim was to study ethnic differences in lipid profiles stratified by glucose levels.

New genetic loci implicated in fasting glucose homeostasis and their impact on type 2 diabetes risk.

Levels of circulating glucose are tightly regulated. To identify new loci influencing glycemic traits, we performed meta-analyses of 21 genome-wide association studies informative for fasting glucose, fasting insulin and indices of beta-cell function (HOMA-B) and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in up to 46,186 nondiabetic participants. Follow-up of 25 loci in up to 76,558 additional subjects identified 16 loci associated with fasting glucose and HOMA-B and two loci associated with fasting insulin and HOMA-IR.

Genetic variation in GIPR influences the glucose and insulin responses to an oral glucose challenge.

Glucose levels 2 h after an oral glucose challenge are a clinical measure of glucose tolerance used in the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. We report a meta-analysis of nine genome-wide association studies (n = 15,234 nondiabetic individuals) and a follow-up of 29 independent loci (n = 6,958-30,620). We identify variants at the GIPR locus associated with 2-h glucose level (rs10423928, beta (s.

Joint effects of physical activity, body mass index, waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio on the risk of heart failure.

Background: Obesity increases heart failure (HF) risk; however, the independent effect of physical activity and the joint effect of physical activity and adiposity on HF risk are not established. We evaluated the single and joint associations of physical activity and different indicators of adiposity (body mass index, waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio) with HF risk.

Methods And Results: Study cohorts included 59 178 Finnish participants who were 25 to 74 years of age and free of HF at baseline.

Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the IL2RA gene are associated with age at diagnosis in late-onset Finnish type 1 diabetes subjects.

The onset of type 1 diabetes can occur at any age, with as many as half of all cases diagnosed after age 15. Despite this wide distribution in age at diagnosis, most genetic studies focus on cases diagnosed in childhood or during early adulthood. To better understand the genetics of late-onset type 1 diabetes, we collected a Finnish case/control cohort with all cases diagnosed between ages 15 and 40.

Development and validation of a risk-score model for subjects with impaired glucose tolerance for the assessment of the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus-The STOP-NIDDM risk-score.

Aims: To develop a risk-score model, based on available clinical data to assess absolute risk of type 2 diabetes among people with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT).

Methods: Data from the study to prevent non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (STOP-NIDDM) investigating acarbose treatment in individuals with IGT were used to develop multivariable Cox proportional hazards model for the time to onset of diabetes. The final model equation was externally validated using data from the Finnish Cardiovascular Risk Factor (FINRISK) population.

Cut-points for waist circumference in Europids and South Asians.

There is little strong evidence that currently recommended higher waist circumference cut-points for Europids compared with South Asians are associated with similar risk for type 2 diabetes. This study was designed to provide such evidence. Longitudinal studies over 5 years were conducted among 5,515 Europid and 2,214 ethnically South Asian participants.

Nonpharmacologic therapy and exercise in the prevention of type 2 diabetes.

Objective: To review the current knowledge about nonpharmacologic approaches in the prevention and early treatment of type 2 diabetes.

Research Design And Methods: This study reviewed the research reports dealing with nonpharmacologic interventions aimed at preventing type 2 diabetes with early lifestyle interventions.

Results: The results from the randomized controlled trials all show that people with impaired glucose tolerance who received enhanced lifestyle advice had significantly lower (on average approximately 50% reduced) incidence of type 2 diabetes compared with those allocated to receive "usual care.

Variation in the UCP2 and UCP3 genes associates with abdominal obesity and serum lipids: the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study.

Background: We explored the associations of three variants in the uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) gene, one variant in the UCP2-UCP3 intergenic region and five variants in the uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) gene with obesity and diabetes related traits in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance participating in Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study. Altogether 507 overweight individuals (body mass index: 31.2 +/- 4.

Full likelihood analysis of genetic risk with variable age at onset disease--combining population-based registry data and demographic information.

Background: In genetic studies of rare complex diseases it is common to ascertain familial data from population based registries through all incident cases diagnosed during a pre-defined enrollment period. Such an ascertainment procedure is typically taken into account in the statistical analysis of the familial data by constructing either a retrospective or prospective likelihood expression, which conditions on the ascertainment event. Both of these approaches lead to a substantial loss of valuable data.

Sleep duration, lifestyle intervention, and incidence of type 2 diabetes in impaired glucose tolerance: The Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study.

Objective: Both short and long sleep duration have frequently been found to be associated with an increased risk for diabetes. The aim of the present exploratory analysis was to examine the association between sleep duration and type 2 diabetes after lifestyle intervention in overweight individuals with impaired glucose tolerance in a 7-year prospective follow-up.

Research Design And Methods: A total of 522 individuals (aged 40-64 years) were randomly allocated either to an intensive diet-exercise counseling group or to a control group.

Educational attainment and effectiveness of lifestyle intervention in the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study.

We used data from the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study to analyze the effectiveness of lifestyle intervention according to educational attainment. The effect of intervention on lifestyle changes and diabetes incidence was independent of education. The prevention of type 2 diabetes by lifestyle intervention is effective regardless of participants' educational attainment.

Ten-year mortality and cardiovascular morbidity in the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study--secondary analysis of the randomized trial.

Background: The Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study (DPS) was a randomized controlled trial, which showed that it is possible to prevent type 2 diabetes by lifestyle changes. The aim of the present study was to examine whether the lifestyle intervention had an effect on the ten-year mortality and cardiovascular morbidity in the DPS participants originally randomized either into an intervention or control group. Furthermore, we compared these results with a population-based cohort comprising individuals of varying glucose tolerance states.

Genome-wide association study identifies eight loci associated with blood pressure.

Elevated blood pressure is a common, heritable cause of cardiovascular disease worldwide. To date, identification of common genetic variants influencing blood pressure has proven challenging. We tested 2.

Prevalence, awareness and treatment of hypertension in Finland during 1982-2007.

Objectives: To assess the trends in prevalence and in control of hypertension in various parts of Finland during 1982-2007.

Methods: Three independent cross-sectional population surveys were conducted in 1982, 2002 and 2007 with age-stratified samples of men and women aged 25-64 years from the national population register. The total number of participants with complete blood pressure (BP) measurements was 16 775.

Prevalence of diabetes and impaired fasting glucose among 769,792 rural Chinese adults.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of diabetes and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) among rural Chinese adults.

Methods: A cross-sectional whole-population health survey of 364781 men and 405011 women aged 35 years and over was undertaken in 2004 in Tianjin rural area. An overnight fasting capillary whole blood specimen was collected for glucose measurement and information on history of previously diagnosed diabetes was obtained by a standard questionnaire.

The effects of awareness, treatment and control of hypertension on future stroke incidence in a community-based population study in Finland.

Objective: To investigate whether there are differences in stroke risk among hypertensive men and women by awareness, treatment and blood pressure control status at baseline.

Methods: This was a prospective study with a median follow-up of 20 years including 22,836 men and 24,774 women aged 25-64 years. The participants were classified into five groups according to their blood pressure status.

Association of serum C-reactive protein level with sex-specific type 2 diabetes risk: a prospective finnish study.

Objective: Our objective was to assess whether the association of serum C-reactive protein (CRP) with type 2 diabetes risk is modified by sex.

Design And Subjects: We prospectively followed 12,861 Finnish men and women who were 35-74 yr of age, and free of diabetes, coronary heart disease, stroke, and cancer at baseline. Hazard ratios of type 2 diabetes were estimated for different levels of serum CRP.

The impact of diabetes on coronary heart disease differs from that on ischaemic stroke with regard to the gender.

Background: To study the diabetes related CVD risk between men and women of different ages.

Methods: Hazards ratios (HRs) (95%CI) for acute CHD and ischaemic stroke events were estimated based on data of Finnish and Swedish cohorts of 5111 women and 4167 men.

Results: 182 (3.

The impact of dyslipidaemia on cardiovascular mortality in individuals without a prior history of diabetes in the DECODE Study.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of dyslipidaemia on cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in relation to fasting (FPG) and 2-h (2hPG) plasma glucose levels in individuals without a prior history of diabetes.

Methods: Data from 14 European population-based prospective studies of 9132 men and 8631 women aged 25-89 years were jointly analysed. A total of 871 CVD deaths occurred during the average 10 years of follow-up.

Hyperglycemia and incidence of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke-comparison between fasting and 2-hour glucose criteria.

Background And Purpose: We examined the impact of hyperglycemia on ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke incidence comparing criteria based on fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and 2-hour plasma glucose (2-hour PG).

Methods: Data from 9 European cohorts comprising 18 360 individuals between 25 to 90 years of age were collaboratively analyzed. The maximum length of follow-up varied between 4.

Vascular risk factors and cognitive function among 3763 participants in the Hypertension in the Very Elderly Trial (HYVET): a cross-sectional analysis.

Background: It is well known that the global population is aging and that those over the age of 80 are the fastest growing part of this expansion. Also known is that prevalence of hypertension and cognitive decline both increase with increasing age.

Method: The Hypertension in the Very Elderly Trial (HYVET) was a double blind placebo-controlled trial of antihypertensive treatment (indapamide SR 1.

Perinatal risk factors in young adult-onset type 1 and type 2 diabetes - a population-based case-control study.

Objective: To examine the effects of the size of the mother and the newborn, including placental weight and gestational age at delivery, on the risk for young adult-onset type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM).

Design: Case-control study.

Setting: Finland.

The common variant in the FTO gene did not modify the effect of lifestyle changes on body weight: the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study.

The common single-nucleotide polymorphism in the FTO (fat mass and obesity associated) gene is consistently associated with an increased risk of obesity. However, the knowledge of a potential modifying effect of the FTO gene on changes in body weight achieved by lifestyle intervention is limited. We examined whether the FTO gene variant (rs9939609, T/A) is associated with body weight and BMI and long-term weight changes in the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study (DPS).