Development and characterization of a complete set of monosomic alien addition lines from Raphanus sativus in Brassica oleracea.

A complete set of monosomic alien addition lines of Radish-Brassica oleracea exhibiting extensive variations was generated and well characterized for their chromosome behaviors and phenotypic characteristics. Monosomic alien addition lines (MAALs) are developed through interspecific hybridization, where an alien chromosome from a relative species is introduced into the genome of the recipient plant, serving as valuable genetic resources. In this study, an allotetraploid Raphanobrassica (RRCC, 2n = 36) was created from the interspecific hybridization between radish (Raphanus sativus, RR, 2n = 18) and Brassica oleracea (CC, 2n = 18).

TaJUB1 is phosphorylated by TaMPK4 to enhance TaXIP3 transcription and reduce Cd accumulation.

Cadmium (Cd) has been recognized as a prevalent toxic pollutant that poses a significant threat to human health through the food chain. To mitigate this risk, reducing Cd accumulation in crops is an effective strategy. In this work, we observed that the overexpression of TaXIP3 resulted in a substantial reduction in Cd accumulation in wheat.

Comparative Analysis of Ca/Cation Antiporter Gene Family in and Enhanced Calcium Stress Tolerance via Heterologous Expression of RrCAX1a in Tobacco.

, a calciphilic species native to the mountainous regions of Southwest China, is renowned for its high vitamin C and bioactive components, making it valuable for culinary and medicinal uses. This species exhibits remarkable tolerance to the high-calcium conditions typical of karst terrains. However, the underlying mechanisms of this calcium resilience remain unclear.

TaWRKY17 Interacts With TaWRKY44 to Promote Expression of TaDHN7 for Salt Tolerance in Wheat.

Wheat is a crucial food crop, yet its production is continually threatened by abiotic stresses, particularly salt stress. Understanding the molecular mechanisms by which wheat responds to salt stress is essential for developing salt-tolerant varieties. In this study, we investigated the molecular pathway involving the wheat TaDHN7 in response to salt stress.

Ectopic Expression of from Enhances Cadmium Tolerance and Accumulation Capacity in .

Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy metal that accumulates in plants, negatively affecting their physiological processes, growth, and development, and poses a threat to human health through the food chain. 6-phosphogluconolactonase (PGL) is a key enzyme in the Oxidative Pentose Phosphate Pathway(OPPP) in plant cells, essential for cellular metabolism. The OPPP pathway provides energy and raw materials for organisms and is involved in antioxidant reactions, lipid metabolism, and DNA synthesis.

Nocturnal burst emissions of germacrene D from the open disk florets of pyrethrum flowers induce moths to oviposit on a nonhost and improve pollination success.

Recent studies show that nocturnal pollinators may be more important to ecosystem function and food production than is currently appreciated. Here, we describe an agricultural field study of pyrethrum (Tanacetum cinerariifolium) flower pollination. Pyrethrum is genetically self-incompatible and thus is reliant on pollinators for seed set.

Characteristics and Cytological Analysis of Several Novel Allopolyploids and Aneuploids between and .

Polyploids are essential in plant evolution and species formation, providing a rich genetic reservoir and increasing species diversity. Complex polyploids with higher ploidy levels often have a dosage effect on the phenotype, which can be highly detrimental to gametes, making them rare. In this study, offspring plants resulting from an autoallotetraploid (RRRC) derived from the interspecific hybridization between allotetraploid (RRCC, 2n = 36) and diploid radish (RR, 2n = 18) were obtained.

Genome-Wide Identification Analysis of GST Gene Family in Wild Blueberry and Their Impact on Anthocyanin Accumulation.

, a wild blueberry species native to the mountainous regions of southwestern China, is notable for its exceptionally high anthocyanin content, surpassing that of many cultivated varieties and offering significant research potential. Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are versatile enzymes crucial for anthocyanin transport in plants. Yet, the GST gene family had not been previously identified in .

Aphid alarm pheromone mimicry in transgenic : insights into the potential of ()-β-farnesene for aphid resistance.

()-β-Farnesene (EBF) serves as the primary component of the alarm pheromone used by most aphid pest species. Pyrethrum () exhibits tissue-specific regulation of EBF accumulation and release, effectively mimicking the aphid alarm signal, deterring aphid attacks while attracting aphid predators. However, cultivated chrysanthemum (), a popular and economically significant flower, is highly vulnerable to aphid infestations.

Genome-wide identification and stress response analysis of BcaCPK gene family in amphidiploid Brassica carinata.

Background: Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CPKs) are crucial for recognizing and transmitting Ca signals in plant cells, playing a vital role in growth, development, and stress response. This study aimed to identify and detect the potential roles of the CPK gene family in the amphidiploid Brassica carinata (BBCC, 2n = 34) using bioinformatics methods.

Results: Based on the published genomic information of B.

Identification, Evolutionary Dynamics, and Gene Expression Patterns of the Gene Family in Responding to Salt Stress in Genus.

Acyl carrier proteins (ACPs) have been reported to play a crucial role in responding to biotic and abiotic stresses, regulating growth and development. However, the biological function of the gene family in the genus has been limited until now. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis and identified a total of 120 genes across six species in the genus.

Exploring the co-operativity of secretory structures for defense and pollination in flowering plants.

In flowers multiple secretory systems cooperate to deliver specialized metabolites to support specific roles in defence and pollination. The collective roles of cell types, enzymes, and transporters are discussed. The interplay between reproductive strategies and defense mechanisms in flowering plants has long been recognized, with trade-offs between investment in defense and reproduction predicted.

Integrative Physiological and Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Mechanism of Cd Tolerance in .

Recently, pollution caused by the heavy metal Cd has seriously affected the environment and agricultural crops. While is known for its edible and medicinal value, its tolerance to Cd and molecular response mechanism remain unknown. This study aimed to analyze the tolerance of to Cd and investigate its molecular response mechanism through transcriptomic and physiological indicators.

The telomere-to-telomere gap-free reference genome of wild blueberry () provides its high soluble sugar and anthocyanin accumulation.

, endemic to southwestern China, is a berry-producing shrub or small tree belonging to the Ericaceae family, with high nutritive, medicinal, and ornamental value, abundant germplasm resources, and good edible properties. In addition, exhibits strong tolerance to adverse environmental conditions, making it a promising candidate for research and offering wide-ranging possibilities for utilization. However, the lack of genome sequence has hampered its development and utilization.

The SbbHLH041- Module Enhances Cadmium Accumulation and Rescues Biomass by Increasing Photosynthetic Efficiency in Sorghum.

In plants, expansin genes are responsive to heavy metal exposure. To study the bioremediary potential of this important gene family, we discovered a root-expressed expansin gene in sorghum, , which is notably upregulated following cadmium (Cd) exposure. However, the mechanism underlying the Cd detoxification and accumulation mediated by in sorghum remains unclear.

TcbHLH14 a Jasmonate Associated MYC2-like Transcription Factor Positively Regulates Pyrethrin Biosynthesis in .

Natural pyrethrins have high application value, and are widely used as a green pesticide in crop pest prevention and control. Pyrethrins are mainly extracted from the flower heads of ; however, the natural content is low. Therefore, it is essential to understand the regulatory mechanisms underlying the synthesis of pyrethrins through identification of key transcription factors.

TcbZIP60 positively regulates pyrethrins biosynthesis in .

Pyrethrins, synthesized in the perennial plant , are a class of terpene mixtures with high insecticidal activity and low human toxicity, which are widely used in plant-derived pesticides. Numerous studies have identified multiple pyrethrins biosynthesis enzymes, which can be enhanced by exogenous hormones such as methyl jasmonate (MeJA). However, the mechanism by which hormone signaling regulates pyrethrins biosynthesis and the potential involvement of certain transcription factors (TFs) remain unclear.

TcMYC2 regulates Pyrethrin biosynthesis in .

Pyrethrins constitute a class of terpene derivatives with high insecticidal activity and are mainly synthesized in the capitula of the horticulturally important plant, Treatment of with methyl jasmonate (MeJA) in the field induces pyrethrin biosynthesis, but the mechanism linking MeJA with pyrethrin biosynthesis remains unclear. In this study, we explored the transcription factors involved in regulating MeJA-induced pyrethrin biosynthesis. A single spray application of MeJA to leaves rapidly upregulated the expression of most known pyrethrin biosynthesis genes and subsequently increased the total pyrethrin content in the leaf.

Overexpression of Increases Pyrethrin Content When Using a Genotype-Independent Transformation System in Pyrethrum ().

Pyrethrum () is one of the most important industrial crops for the extraction of pyrethrins, which are natural insecticidal compounds. Progress in pyrethrum molecular breeding with the objective of increasing pyrethrin content has been slow for lack of a suitable gene transfer system. Regeneration recalcitrance is a crucial barrier to establishing a genetic transformation system in pyrethrum.

Ribozyme-mediated CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing in pyrethrum (Tanacetum cinerariifolium) hairy roots using a RNA polymerase II-dependent promoter.

Background: Traditional CRISPR/Cas9 systems that rely on U6 or U3 snRNA promoters (RNA polymerase III-dependent promoters) can only achieve constitutive gene editing in plants, hampering the functional analysis of specifically expressed genes. Ribozyme-mediated CRISPR/Cas9 systems increase the types of promoters which can be used to transcribe sgRNA. Therefore, such systems allow specific gene editing; for example, transcription of the artificial gene Ribozyme-sgRNA-Ribozyme (RGR) is initiated by an RNA polymerase II-dependent promoter.

The complete chloroplast of 'Fubaiju'.

'Fubaiju,' which is native to Macheng, Hubei, China, has a long cultivation history almost dating back to the early 10th century Song dynasty, and is used as Chrysanthemum tea drink and Chinese traditional medicine. In this study, the complete chloroplast genome sequence of 'Fubaiju' was 151,109 bp, included a large single copy LSC (82,931 bp), a small single copy SSC (18,350 bp), and a pair of inverted repeat regions (24,941 bp). It contained 132 genes with 87 CDS, 8r RNA, and 37 tRNA.