Integrated metabolomics and network pharmacology to reveal the lipid-lowering mechanisms of Qizha Shuangye granules in hyperlipidemic rats.

Background: Qizha Shuangye granules (QSG) comprise six traditional Chinese herbal medicines (TCHMs), which have a long history of treating hyperlipidemia (HLP) in China. This study aimed to evaluate the potential lipid-lowering effects of QSG in an HLP rat model and investigate possible mechanisms. The HLP rat model was induced by a high-fat diet.

ethanol leaf extracts protect against diabetic cardiomyopathy in db/db mice via regulating PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling.

Background: Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a serious complication of diabetes that can lead to significant mortality. is a tree, the leaves of which are often utilized to prevent and treat diabetes mellitus. Whether leaves can prevent or treat DCM, however, it remains to be formally assessed.

Diterpenoid and triterpenoid glycosides from .

Two new compounds, including a diterpenoid glycoside () and a triterpenoid glycoside (), along with six known compounds were isolated from . The structures of the new compounds were determined on basis of extensive spectral analysis and chemical method. Compounds - were evaluated for their insulin resistance effect and cytotoxic activity against the A549 and HepG2 cancer cell lines.

GC-MS-Based Metabolomics to Reveal the Protective Effect of Gross Saponins of Fruit against Ischemic Stroke in Rat.

Stroke is one of the most common neurological disorders and seriously threatens human life. Gross saponins of fruit (GSTTF) are used for neuroprotective treatment on convalescents of ischemic stroke. However, the therapeutic effects and mechanisms have not yet well understood, especially from the metabolic perspective.

New steroidal alkaloid and furostanol glycosides isolated from Solanum lyratum with cytotoxicity.

Two previously undescribed steroidal compounds, 16, 23-epoxy-22, 26-epimino-cholest-22(N), 23, 25(26)-trien-3β-ol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-galactopyranoside (1) and 26-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(25R)-5α-furost-20(22)-en-3β, 26-diol (2), together with 7 known ones including 26-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(25R)-5, 20(22)-dien-furost-3β, 26-diol (3), (25R)-5-en-spirost-3β-ol-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-[α-L-rhmanopyranosyl-(1→2)]-β-D-galactopyranoside (4), funkioside D (5), aspidistrin (6), tigogenin-3-O-β-D-lucotrioside (7), desglucolanatigonin II (8), and degalactotigonin (9), were isolated from Solanum lyratum Thunb. Their cytotoxic activities were tested in two cancer cell lines by MTT method. One of the steroidal glycosides (6) showed significant cytotoxic activity against gastric cancer SGC7901 and liver cancer BEL-7402 cells.

Trans-cinnamaldehyde promotes nitric oxide release via the protein kinase-B /v-Akt murine thymoma viral oncogene -endothelial nitric oxide synthase pathway to alleviate hypertension in SHR.Cg-Leprcp/NDmcr rats.

Objective: To evaluate whether endothelial dysfunction and hypertension are prevented by trans-cinnamaldehyde (tCA) through the activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS).

Methods: Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were cultured in vitro and stimulated with tCA to determine cell viability using the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay. The effect of tCA on nitric oxide (NO) production was determined by diaminofluorescein-dyes in the absence or presence of inhibitors of eNOS, AMPK, PKA, and AKT.

Curcumin suppresses AGEs induced apoptosis in tubular epithelial cells via protective autophagy.

Renal tubular cell apoptosis and tubular dysfunction is an important process underlying diabetic nephropathy (DN). Understanding the mechanisms underlying renal tubular epithelial cell survival is important for the prevention of kidney damage associated with glucotoxicity. Curcumin has been demonstrated to possess potent anti-apoptotic properties.

Mixture of five herbal extracts ameliorates pioglitazone-induced aggravation of hepatic steatosis via activating the adiponectin receptor 2/AMP-activated protein kinase signal pathway in diabetic KKAy mice.

Objective: To assess the effect of a mixture of five herbal extracts (FT-5) on insulin resistance, glucose/lipid metabolism, hepatic steatosis, and to investigate whether the combination of FT-5 and pioglitazone would provide a robust effect on diabetes treatment, while may minimize undesirable side-effects of pioglitazone in diabetic Ay gene (KKAy) mice.

Methods: Seven-week-old KKAy mice were randomly divided into five groups: control (CON) group, FT-5 (2.0 g/kg) group, pioglitazone (20 mg/kg) (PIO) group, pioglitazone (20 mg/kg) + FT-5 (2.

(Batal.) Ijinskaja Aqueous Extract (CPAE) Ameliorates Obesity by Improving Insulin Signaling in the Hypothalamus of a Metabolic Syndrome Rat Model.

Background: Antiobesity drugs may not be optimal for treating obesity. However novel antiobesity agents, especially those derived from natural products, may be suitable. Therefore, we investigated the effects and mechanisms of (CP) aqueous extract (CPAE) on obesity.

Tanshinone I alleviates insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus rats through IRS-1 pathway.

Tanshinone I from tanshen has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for treating cardiovascular diseases and inflammatory diseases. Given the link between inflammation and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), we suspect that tanshinone I may have a beneficial effect on T2DM. This study was to investigate the potential effects of tanshinone I on T2DM and its underlying mechanism.

Protective effects of asiatic acid in a spontaneous type 2 diabetic mouse model.

Asiatic acid (AA) has been demonstrated to exhibit anti-diabetic activity. However, the mechanisms and underlying signaling pathways remain to be elucidated. The present study was performed to confirm the protective effect of AA and demonstrate its ability to regulate the phosphatidylinositol 3‑kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/glycogen synthase kinase‑3β (GSK‑3β) signaling pathway in db/db mice.

Tangnaikang improves insulin resistance and β-cell apoptosis by ameliorating metabolic inflammation in SHR.Cg-Leprcp/NDmcr rats.

Objective: To investigate the effects of Tangnaikang (TNK), a mixture of five herbal plant extracts, on inflammation-mediated insulin resistance and B-cell apoptosis in SHR.Cg-Leprcp/NDmcr (SHR-cp) rats.

Methods: Seven-week-old SHR-cp rats were randomly divided into a control (CON) group and a TNK (3.

Study of the Hypoglycemic Activity of Derivatives of Isoflavones from L.

The chickpea, a food and medicine used by the people of Xinjiang, has a beneficial hypoglycemic effect. To better utilize this national resource and develop hypoglycemic agents from components of the chickpea, a series of new derivatives of isoflavone compounds from the chickpea were synthesized. An insulin-resistant (IR) HepG2 cell model was used to screen the hypoglycemic activities of these compounds.

Effect of mulberry leaf (Folium Mori) on insulin resistance via IRS-1/PI3K/Glut-4 signalling pathway in type 2 diabetes mellitus rats.

Context: Folium Mori, the leaf of Morus alba L. (Moraceae), has been used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for treating diabetes. However, it is unclear which components in the mulberry leaf are effective for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Synthesis and Biological Activity of Isoflavone Derivatives from Chickpea as Potent Anti-Diabetic Agents.

A set of novel isoflavone derivatives from chickpea were synthesized. The structures of derivatives were identified by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H-NMR), carbon-13 ((13)C)-NMR and mass spectrometry (MS) spectral analyses. Their anti-diabetic activities were evaluated using an insulin-resistant (IR) HepG2 cell model.

Qiwei granules alleviates podocyte lesion in kidney of diabetic KK-Ay mice.

Background: Chinese medicine comprised of all natural herbs is widespread used in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Podocyte contributes to the integrity of glomerular filtration barrier whose injury plays an important role in the initiation and progression of DN. Our study aimed to investigate the effect of Qiwei granules on podocyte lesion in diabetic KK-A(y) mice kidney and its underlying mechanism.

Tang-Nai-Kang alleviates pre-diabetes and metabolic disorders and induces a gene expression switch toward fatty acid oxidation in SHR.Cg-Leprcp/NDmcr rats.

Increased energy intake and reduced physical activity can lead to obesity, diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Transcriptional modulation of metabolic networks has become a focus of current drug discovery research into the prevention and treatment of metabolic disorders associated with energy surplus and obesity. Tang-Nai-Kang (TNK), a mixture of five herbal plant extracts, has been shown to improve abnormal glucose metabolism in patients with pre-diabetes.

Studies on chemical constituents of Ophiopogon japonicus.

Two new and six known steroidal glucosides were isolated from the tuber of Ophiopogon japonicus. The new steroidal glucosides were established as (20R,25R)-26-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-3β,26-dihydroxycholest-5-en-16,22-dioxo-3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-d-glucopyranoside (1) and 26-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(25R)-furost-5-en-3β,14α,17α,22α,26-pentaol-3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-d-glucopyranoside (3) on the basis of spectroscopic data as well as chemical evidence.

Preparative isolation and purification of five flavonoid glycosides and one benzophenone galloyl glycoside from Psidium guajava by high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC).

Psidium guajava leaves have a diverse phytochemical composition including flavonoids, phenolics, meroterpenoids and triterpenes, responsible for the biological activities of the medicinal parts. In particular, flavonol glycosides show beneficial effects on type II diabetes mellitus. A simple and efficient HSCCC method has been developed for the preparative separation of five flavonoid glycosides and one diphenylmethane glycoside from P.

Guava leaf extracts promote glucose metabolism in SHRSP.Z-Leprfa/Izm rats by improving insulin resistance in skeletal muscle.

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MS) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have been associated with insulin-resistance; however, the effective therapies in improving insulin sensitivity are limited. This study is aimed at investigating the effect of Guava Leaf (GL) extracts on glucose tolerance and insulin resistance in SHRSP.Z-Leprfa/Izm rats (SHRSP/ZF), a model of spontaneously metabolic syndrome.

Antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic action of cinnamaldehyde in C57BLKS/J db/db mice.

Objective: To investigate the effects of cinnamaldehyde (CA), an active and major compound in cinnamon, on glucose metabolism and insulin resistance in C57BLKS/J db/db mice.

Methods: Sixteen male C57BLKS db/db mice were randomly divided into control and CA treatment groups. CA was given (20 mg x kg(-1) x day(-1), p.

A new triterpenoid saponin from Gymnema sylvestre.

Besides four known compounds, a new triterpenoid saponin was isolated from the stems of Gymnema sylvestre. The structure of the new triterpenoid saponin was established as 3β,16β,22α-trihydroxy-olean-12-ene 3-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 6)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (1) on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR techniques, including COSY, HMBC, HMQC, and NOESY correlations. Four known compounds 2, 3, 4, and 5 were identified on the basis of spectroscopic data.

The analgesic and anti-rheumatic effects of Thladiantha dubia fruit crude polysaccharide fraction in mice and rats.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: The fruit of Thladiantha dubia has been used in Chinese manchu nationality folk medicine for treatment of various pains, such as rheumatic pain, lumbocrural pain, and dysmenorrhea. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the anti-rheumatic effect of Thladiantha dubia fruit crude polysaccharide (TF-P) fraction in rats.

Materials And Methods: TF-P was evaluated in mice for analgesic activity using acetic acid-induced abdominal contractions test and for anti-inflammatory activity using xylene-induced ear oedema model.