Resistance to antidepressant treatment among patients with major depressive disorder: a nationwide study.

Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) has great clinical importance because it has the highest disability burden of all depressive conditions. We investigated the prevalence of TRD and identified the risk and protective factors associated with antidepressant resistance among adult patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). A total of 176 132 adult patients with MDD were selected from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database between 2001 and 2010 and followed for 1 year.

Parental mental disorders and ages of onset of severe mental disorders in offspring: A nationwide family-link study.

Objective: The current study used a retrospective study design to investigate the association between age of onset of severe mental disorders in offspring and the likelihood of diagnoses of parental mental disorder.

Method: We enrolled 212,333 people with severe mental disorder, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder (BD), or major depressive disorder (MDD) and 2,123,329 controls matched for age, sex, and demographics from the National Health Insurance Database of Taiwan. Poisson regression models were used to examine the likelihood of diagnoses of five mental disorders in their parents compared to the parents of the controls (reported as odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval), including schizophrenia, BD, MDD, alcohol use disorder (AUD), and substance use disorder (SUD).

Familial coaggregation of major psychiatric disorders and neurodevelopmental disorders among first-degree relatives of individuals with generalized anxiety disorder.

Background: Anxiety disorders, major psychiatric disorders (e.g., schizophrenia and major affective disorders), and neurodevelopmental disorders (e.

Congenital hypothyroidism and risk of subsequent autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in Taiwan.

Aim: Evidence suggests an association between maternal hypothyroidism and risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in offspring. We examined the risk of ASD and ADHD in individuals with congenital hypothyroidism (CHT).

Methods: A nationwide population-based cohort study enrolled a total of 1260 children younger than 12 years with a confirmed diagnosis of CHT and no prior diagnosis of any neurodevelopmental disorders, selected from the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan between 1998 to 2013.

Risk of Periodontitis in Adolescents With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Cohort Study of 81,055 Participants.

Objectives: Previous studies have demonstrated poor oral hygiene in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, the association between ADHD and periodontitis is still unclear.

Methods: In all, 16,211 adolescents with ADHD and 162,110 age- and sex-matched controls participated in the study between 2001 and 2011.

Parental mental disorders in patients with comorbid schizophrenia and obsessive-compulsive disorder: a nationwide family-link study.

Schizophrenia is highly comorbid with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD); both conditions share numerous pathophysiological etiologies. We, thus, examined the risk of mental disorders in the parents of probands with schizophrenia, OCD, or both conditions. Between 2001 and 2011, we enrolled a nationwide cohort of 69,813 patients with schizophrenia, OCD, or both.

Sexually transmitted infection and teenage pregnancy in adolescents having parents with schizophrenia: a retrospective cohort study of 64,350 participants.

Background: The risks of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and teenage pregnancy in the offspring of parents with schizophrenia remain unknown.

Methods: From the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database, 5,850 individuals born between 1980 and 1999 having any parent with schizophrenia and 58,500 age-, sex-, income- and residence-matched controls without parents with severe mental disorders were enrolled in 1996 or on their birthdate and followed up to the end of 2011. Those who contracted any STI or became pregnant in adolescence during the follow-up period were identified.

Poor subjective sleep quality and trait impulsivity in patients with bipolar disorder.

Background: Sleep disturbance and impulsivity are key components of mood vulnerability in bipolar disorder (BD), but few studies have assessed the association between these two symptoms among patients with BD.

Methods: Forty-seven euthymic patients with bipolar I disorder (BDI) or bipolar II disorder (BDII) and 58 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Trait impulsivity was measured using the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale Version 11 (BIS-11), which yielded 3 second-order factors: attention, motor, and non-planning.

Association between cortical thickness or surface area and divergent thinking in patients with bipolar disorder.

Objective: Divergent thinking is a critical creative cognitive process. Its neural mechanisms have been well-studied through structural and functional imaging in healthy individuals but are less explored in patients with bipolar disorder (BD). Because of the traditional link between creativity and BD, this study investigated the structural correlates of divergent thinking in patients with BD through surface-based morphometry.

Susceptibility to Treatment-Resistant Depression Within Families.

Importance: Antidepressant responses and the phenotype of treatment-resistant depression (TRD) are believed to have a genetic basis. Genetic susceptibility between the TRD phenotype and other psychiatric disorders has also been established in previous genetic studies, but population-based cohort studies have not yet provided evidence to support these outcomes.

Objective: To estimate the TRD susceptibility and the susceptibility between TRD and other psychiatric disorders within families in a nationwide insurance cohort with extremely high coverage and comprehensive health care data.

Delay Analysis in Closed-Loop EEG Phase-Triggered Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation.

The recent development of closed-loop EEG phase-triggered transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has advanced potential applications of adaptive neuromodulation based on the current brain state. Closed-loop TMS involves instantaneous acquisition of the EEG rhythm, timing prediction of the target phase, and triggering of TMS. However, the accuracy of EEG phase prediction algorithms is largely influenced by the system's transport delay, and their relationship is rarely considered in related work.