Reproductive factors and epithelial ovarian cancer risk by histologic type: a multiethnic case-control study.

Associations of reproductive factors with ovarian cancer may differ by histologic type. Data from a multiethnic, population-based, case-control study, conducted in Hawaii and Los Angeles, California, between 1993 and 1999, were used to assess this hypothesis. A structured questionnaire was administered to 558 histologically confirmed epithelial ovarian cancer cases and 607 population controls.

Dietary magnesium intake and the future risk of coronary heart disease (the Honolulu Heart Program).

Magnesium (Mg) deficiency is believed to have adverse cardiovascular consequences that are broad and complex, although an association between dietary Mg intake and the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) has not been clearly identified. The purpose of this study is to examine the relation between dietary Mg intake and future risk of CHD. Reported findings are based on dietary Mg intake in 7,172 men in the Honolulu Heart Program.

Active and passive tobacco smoking and the risk of borderline and invasive ovarian cancer (United States).

Objective: A population-based case-control study was conducted to examine the hypothesis that active and passive tobacco smoking were associated with the risk of epithelial ovarian cancer.

Methods: In-person interviews were obtained from 558 women with epithelial ovarian cancer (431 invasive, 127 borderline) and 607 population controls regarding active lifetime tobacco smoking, environmental tobacco smoke exposure in utero and during childhood, and other factors that may be related to the development of ovarian cancer.

Results: No significant associations of ever or former tobacco smoking with the risk of invasive or borderline ovarian cancer were found, although long-term ex-smokers of 20 years or more were at significantly reduced risk of invasive cancer.

Association of caffeine intake and CYP1A2 genotype with ovarian cancer.

Coffee and caffeine consumption has been associated with ovarian cancer risk in several epidemiological studies. CYP1A2 is a key enzyme in the metabolism of coffee and in the activation of heterocyclic aromatic compounds that may be carcinogenic. Data from a preliminary investigation conducted in Hawaii of 164 epithelial ovarian cancer cases and 194 controls were used to examine the hypothesis that coffee and caffeine intake increases the risk of ovarian cancer and that these relations are modified by the CYP1A2 high-inducibility A/A genotype.

Alcohol consumption and the risk of borderline and invasive ovarian cancer.

Objective: To examine the hypothesis that alcohol consumption is associated with the risk of ovarian cancer by conducting a population-based, case-control study in Hawaii and Los Angeles, California.

Methods: In-person interviews were obtained from 558 women with ovarian cancer and 607 population controls regarding lifetime alcohol consumption and other factors that may be related to the development of ovarian cancer.

Results: We found no overall association of alcohol drinking with the odds ratios (OR) for ovarian cancer.

Analysis of secretory immunoglobulin A in human saliva by laser-induced fluorescence capillary electrophoresis.

The utility of capillary electrophoresis (CE) has been demonstrated for the analysis of secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) in human saliva. The amount of sIgA in saliva correlates with immune status. For detecting salivary sIgA, laser-induced fluorescence was conducted in this report for signal amplification.

Aod1 controlling day 3 thymectomy-induced autoimmune ovarian dysgenesis in mice encompasses two linked quantitative trait loci with opposing allelic effects on disease susceptibility.

Day 3 thymectomy (D3Tx) leads to a paucity of CD4(+)CD25(+) suppressor T cells, a loss of peripheral tolerance, and the development of organ-specific autoimmune disease in adult mice. Importantly, D3Tx does not lead to autoimmune disease in all mouse strains, indicating that this process is genetically controlled. Previously, we reported linkage of D3Tx-induced autoimmune ovarian dysgenesis (AOD) and its intermediate phenotypes, antiovarian autoantibody responsiveness, oophoritis, and atrophy, to five quantitative trait loci (QTL), designated Aod1 through Aod5.

Maternal autoantibody triggers de novo T cell-mediated neonatal autoimmune disease.

Although human maternal autoantibodies may transfer transient manifestation of autoimmune disease to their progeny, some neonatal autoimmune diseases can progress, leading to the loss of tissue structure and function. In this study we document that murine maternal autoantibody transmitted to progeny can trigger de novo neonatal pathogenic autoreactive T cell response and T cell-mediated organ-specific autoimmune disease. Autoantibody to a zona pellucida 3 (ZP3) epitope was found to induce autoimmune ovarian disease (AOD) and premature ovarian failure in neonatal, but not adult, mice.

ePAD, an oocyte and early embryo-abundant peptidylarginine deiminase-like protein that localizes to egg cytoplasmic sheets.

Selected for its high relative abundance, a protein spot of MW approximately 75 kDa, pI 5.5 was cored from a Coomassie-stained two-dimensional gel of proteins from 2850 zona-free metaphase II mouse eggs and analyzed by tandem mass spectrometry (TMS), and novel microsequences were identified that indicated a previously uncharacterized egg protein. A 2.

CD40 ligand in pathogenesis of autoimmune ovarian disease of day 3-thymectomized mice: implication for CD40 ligand antibody therapy.

The blockade of CD40 ligand (CD40L) is effective in autoimmune disease prevention. Recently, a brief period of CD40L mAb treatment was reported to induce tolerance and enhancement of CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cell activity. We therefore determined the efficacy of CD40L mAb treatment in autoimmunity that resulted from CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cell deficiency.

Differential effect of neonatal thymectomy on systemic and organ-specific autoimmune disease.

Thymectomy on day 3 after birth (d3tx) depletes CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells leading to multiple independent organ-specific autoimmune diseases. However, systemic autoimmune disease such as systemic lupus erythematosus has not been reported in d3tx mice. Herein, we investigate the effect of d3tx on spontaneous autoantibody response and immune complex glomerulonephritis (GN) in the lupus-prone (SWR x NZB)F1 (SNF1) mice.

The administration of cortisone to female B6A mice during their immune adaptive period causes anovulation and the formation of ovarian cysts.

Problem: Female mice that are injected with estradiol-17beta (E2) and testosterone during the 7-day immune adaptive period are infertile at adulthood. To determine whether the resultant infertility can be caused by steroids other than estrogens/ androgens, this study examined the effect of injecting cortisone, alone, and in combination with E2 and testosterone, on reproductive function.

Method Of Study: Neonatal (C57BL/6J x A/J)F1 B6A female mice were injected from 3 to 6 days of age with sesame oil:ethanol (9:1; v:v), alone, or containing 20 microgg cortisone acetate, 20 microg E2, or 20 microg testosterone.

Late hematoma after aesthetic breast augmentation with saline-filled, textured silicone prosthesis.

Late, progressive enlargement of the breast after augmentation mammaplasty is an extremely rare complication. We present two cases of late capsular hematoma after augmentation mammaplasty with saline-filled, textured silicone implants. The MRI and C-T scan both clearly showed fluid accumulated within the capsule in one case.

Association of galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase activity and N314D genotype with the risk of ovarian cancer.

Deficiency in the galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase (GALT) enzyme results in accumulation of galactose and its metabolites in the ovary (Am J Epidemiol 1989;130:904-10). Galactose may raise gonadotropin levels, resulting in proliferation of ovarian epithelium. In 1993-1999, the authors conducted a population-based case-control study of ovarian cancer in Hawaii and Los Angeles, California, to examine the hypothesis that reduced GALT activity is associated with an increased risk of ovarian cancer.

Hepatitis C virus core protein leads to immune suppression and liver damage in a transgenic murine model.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is remarkably efficient in establishing persistent infection, possibly mediated by an impaired immune response to HCV infection. There is compelling evidence that HCV can infect immune cells, such as macrophages, B cells, and T cells. It has been previously reported that HCV core, the first protein expressed during the early phase of viral infection, contains the immunomodulatory function of suppressing host immune responses.

Identification of Bphs, an autoimmune disease locus, as histamine receptor H1.

Bphs controls Bordetella pertussis toxin (PTX)-induced vasoactive amine sensitization elicited by histamine (VAASH) and has an established role in autoimmunity. We report that congenic mapping links Bphs to the histamine H1 receptor gene (Hrh1/H1R) and that H1R differs at three amino acid residues in VAASH-susceptible and -resistant mice. Hrh1-/- mice are protected from VAASH, which can be restored by genetic complementation with a susceptible Bphs/Hrh1 allele, and experimental allergic encephalomyelitis and autoimmune orchitis due to immune deviation.

Interacting quantitative trait loci control loss of peripheral tolerance and susceptibility to autoimmune ovarian dysgenesis after day 3 thymectomy in mice.

Day 3 thymectomy (D3Tx) results in a loss of peripheral tolerance mediated by CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells and the development of autoimmune ovarian dysgenesis (AOD) in A/J and (C57BL/6J x A/J)F(1) (B6AF(1)) hybrids but not in C57BL/6J mice. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) linkage analysis using a B6AF(1) x C57BL/6J backcross population verified Aod1 and Aod2 that were previously mapped as qualitative traits. Additionally, three new QTL intervals, Aod3, Aod4, and Aod5, on chromosomes 1, 2, and 7, respectively, influencing specific subphenotypes of AOD were identified.

Association of dairy products, lactose, and calcium with the risk of ovarian cancer.

Epidemiologic findings have been inconsistent regarding the association of dietary fat, dairy products, and lactose with risk of ovarian cancer. The authors conducted a case-control study in Hawaii and Los Angeles, California, to examine several dietary hypotheses regarding the etiology of ovarian cancer in a population with a broad range of dietary intakes. A total of 558 patients with ovarian cancer diagnosed in 1993-1999 and 607 controls were interviewed regarding their diet.

Routine computerised tomographic scans of the thorax in surveillance of stage I testicular non-seminomatous germ-cell cancer--a necessary risk?

Background: The standard management approach to stage I testicular non-seminomatous germ-cell tumours (NSGCT) in the UK is a surveillance programme with adjuvant bleomycin, etoposide, cisplatin (BEP) chemotherapy being offered to individuals with high risk disease. Conventionally, computed tomography (CT) scanning of the thorax has formed part of the surveillance programme. This paper evaluates the contribution of routine thoracic CT imaging in the management of this disease.

Induction and immunohistology of autoimmune ovarian disease in cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis).

Autoimmune ovarian disease (AOD) is a probable cause of human premature ovarian failure, and a potential complication of contraceptive vaccines based on ovarian antigens. The diagnosis depends on detection of noninfectious ovarian inflammation (oophoritis) and serum antibody to ovarian and placental antigens. Mechanisms underlying AOD have been investigated in mice but not in primates.