Expression of the syncytin-1 and syncytin-2 genes in the trophoblastic tissue of the early pregnancy losses with normal and abnormal karyotypes.

Background: Syncytin-1 and syncytin-2 which are endogenous retroviral genes products play a great role in syncytialization during trophoblast differentiation in normal placental tissues. In aneuploidic placentas due to the low level of pregnancy-induced hormones an alteration was occurred in the syncytialization process, while in the presence of cytogenetically abnormal karyotype the effect of syncytin gene expression levels on syncytialization process and in occured to spontaneous abortions is not clear. To reveal this, we investigated in syncytin-1 and syncytin-2 genes expression levels of chromosomally abnormal and normal trophophoblastic tissues and we also discussed the effect of the syncytin gene expression levels to the occurense of the spontaneous abortion.

Maternal cardiac risks in pre-eclamptic patients.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between pre-eclampsia (PE) and maternal cardiac risk factors.

Material-methods: A total of 41 pregnant women were included in this study. Patient groups consisted of 25 PE patients and 16 normal pregnant women as a control group.

Effects of maternal supplementary oxygen on the newborn for elective cesarean deliveries under spinal anesthesia.

Purpose: The aim of this investigation was to determine whether supplementary oxygen provided by either nasal cannula or face mask versus room air might affect fetal oxygenation during elective cesarean section under spinal anesthesia by assessing maternal and neonatal regional cerebral oxygenation (rSO(2)) with a cerebral oximeter.

Methods: Ninety parturients were randomly allocated into three groups: two groups received 5 L/min oxygen by either nasal cannula (Group NC, n = 30) or face mask (Group FM, n = 30), respectively, and the third group was allowed to breathe room air (Group RA, n = 30). After maternal mean arterial pressure, heart rate and peripheral oxygen saturation had been monitored, rSO(2) was determined by cerebral oximeter.

Manometric evaluation of anal sphincter function after vaginal and cesarean delivery.

Objective: To compare anal sphincter function following spontaneous vaginal delivery and cesarean delivery, and assess the association of perineal length and sphincter injury with each delivery mode.

Method: Perineal length was measured and anal manometric measurements were performed in 120 primigravidas before and after delivery.

Results: Mean values for maximum anal resting and squeeze pressures were significantly lower after delivery irrespective of the mode of delivery, but there was a positive correlation between postpartum maximum anal resting pressure and perineal length (r=0.

Nicotine potentiates the electrical field stimulation-evoked contraction of non-pregnant rabbit myometrium.

The women who smoke have lower fertility rates which might be due to harmful effects of nicotine on tubal function and menstrual cycle. Although the uterine contractility of the non-pregnant uterus plays an important role in the human reproduction process, the influence of nicotine on the contractile responses in uterus is not known. Nicotine increases the release of neurotransmitters following nerve stimulation both in the central and peripheral nervous system through acting on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAchRs).

Is cytogenetic diagnosis of 46,XX karyotype spontaneous abortion specimens erroneous? Fluorescence in situ hybridization as a confirmatory technique.

Aim: Performing the standard cytogenetic technique on spontaneous abortion material is still a valuable tool, but finding a normal 46,XX karyotype can confuse investigators and lead to a problem in diagnosis. This is mainly because it is possible for the female or male conceptus to retain contaminating maternal cells. To address this possibility, we used fluorescence in situ hybridization technique (FISH).