Effectiveness of a tailored forest package of interventions, including topical repellents, in reducing malaria incidence in Myanmar.

Background: In Myanmar, progress towards malaria elimination has stagnated in some areas requiring deployment of new tools and approaches to accelerate malaria elimination. While there is evidence that networks of community-based malaria workers and insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) can reduce malaria transmission in a variety of settings, evidence for the effectiveness of other interventions, such as topical repellents, is limited. Since malaria transmission in Myanmar occurs outdoors, mainly among forest-goers, this study tested the effectiveness of topical repellents in combination with supplemental ITN distribution and strengthened networks of malaria workers.

Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Chronic Pouchitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Pouchitis is a common complication after ileal-pouch anal anastomosis in patients with medically refractory ulcerative colitis. There has been a lack of high-level evidence focusing on the safety and efficacy outcomes of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). We aim to evaluate outcomes and complications of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) for chronic pouchitis.

Clinical Profiles and Risk Factors of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Young Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study in Myanmar.

Introduction Coronary artery disease (CAD) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally, with an increasing prevalence of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) among younger populations. Despite this rising trend, there are limited data from Myanmar on the clinical profile and associated risk factors for premature CAD in young adults. This study aims to investigate the clinical characteristics and predisposing risk factors for AMI in individuals aged 40 years and below, contributing to a better understanding of disease patterns in this population.

Association Between Social Vulnerability and Gastrointestinal Cancer Mortality in the United States Counties.

Background And Aims: Social determinants of health contribute to disparities in gastrointestinal (GI) cancer mortality between individuals in the US. Their effects on count-level mortality rates remain uncertain. We aimed to assess the association between county social vulnerability and GI cancer mortality.

How to: a practical guide to cardiac conduction devices on chest radiograph.

With the increasing number of cardiac conduction devices (CCDs) insertions with various complexities in recent decades, it is crucial for clinicians (especially internal medicine residents and cardiologists) to have an up-to-date review of the current devices on chest radiograph. Chest X-ray remains the most cost-effective and accessible imaging modality to assess the device position and its associated complications, not only immediately after insertion but also during the follow-up visit as outpatient. Various types of CCDs such as permanent pacemaker, implantable cardioverter defibrillator, and cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT, CRT with defibrillation or pacing) with their appearances on chest radiograph and possible complications with a step-by-step guide to how to assess are discussed in this article.

Biocorrosion and Cytotoxicity Studies on Biodegradable Mg-Based Multicomponent Alloys.

Magnesium-based multicomponent alloys with different compositions, namely MgAlZnCuMn (Mg60 alloy), MgAlZnCuMn (Mg70 alloy), and MgAlCuMnZn (Mg 80) alloys, were prepared using the disintegrated melt deposition technique. The DMD technique is a distinctive method that merges the benefits from gravity die casting and spray forming. This approach facilitates high solidification rates, process yields, and reduced metal wastage, resulting in materials with a fine microstructure and minimal porosity.

Endoscopic ultrasound-guided portal pressure gradient measurement: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Endoscopic ultrasound-guided portal pressure gradient measurement (EUS-PPG) is a new modality where the portal pressure is measured by directly introducing a needle into the hepatic vein and portal vein. This is the first systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of EUS-PPG.

Methods: A comprehensive literature search was performed to identify pertinent studies.

Adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures among residents in selected townships, Yangon Region, Myanmar: a community-based cross-sectional study.

Background: To fight the current coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, many countries have implemented various mitigation measures to contain the spread of the disease. By engaging with health service providers, the community's participation in adherence to preventive measures is certainly required in the implementation of COVID-19 mitigation strategies. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the level of adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures and its associated factors among the residents, Yangon Region, Myanmar.

The Use of Fecal Microbiota Transplant in Overcoming and Modulating Resistance to Anti-PD-1 Therapy in Patients with Skin Cancer.

While immune checkpoint inhibitors have evolved into the standard of care for advanced melanoma, 40-50% of melanoma cases progress while on therapies. The relationship between bacterium and carcinogenesis is well founded, such as in in gastric cancers, and in colorectal cancers. This interplay between dysbiosis and carcinogenesis questions whether changes in the microbiome could affect treatment.

The Potential Role of Fecal Microbiota Transplant in the Reversal or Stabilization of Multiple Sclerosis Symptoms: A Literature Review on Efficacy and Safety.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) affects millions of people worldwide, and recent data have identified the potential role of the gut microbiome in inducing autoimmunity in MS patients. To investigate the potential of fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) as a treatment option for MS, we conducted a comprehensive literature search (PubMed/Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane) and identified five studies that involved 15 adult MS patients who received FMT for gastrointestinal symptoms. The primary outcome of this review was to assess the effect of FMT in reversing and improving motor symptoms in MS patients, while the secondary outcome was to evaluate the safety of FMT in this patient population.

Noninvasive tests in the evaluation of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A review.

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Differential expression of PEA3 in odontogenic cysts and tumors.

Background: PEA3 transcription factor has been identified as a downstream target of the MAPK and PI3K pathways, and PEA3 overexpression has been observed in a variety of tumor types. We aimed to evaluate PEA3 expression in odontogenic cysts and tumors and compare the expression among odontogenic lesions. In addition, the correlations between PEA3 expression and clinicopathological characteristics of conventional ameloblastoma and unicystic ameloblastoma were investigated.

A Rare Case of Hereditary Hemochromatosis Presenting With Porphyria Cutanea Tarda.

Hereditary hemochromatosis is an autosomal recessive condition with incomplete penetrance that is most commonly caused by a mutation in the HFE gene. Hereditary hemochromatosis can remain asymptomatic in some patients until triggered by certain events. Porphyria cutanea tarda is a condition that can lead to iron overload due to defective synthesis of heme and can cause the onset of adult-onset hereditary hemochromatosis.

The community acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines in Rakhine State: A cross-sectional study in Myanmar.

The global pandemic situation of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) has been ongoing for more than 2 years with the emergence of different variants. With the rapid development of vaccines, countries including Myanmar rolled out vaccination programs to reduce the morbidity and mortality due to COVID-19 with the ultimate goal to end the pandemic. This study seeks to explore the acceptance of the general adult population towards the COVID-19 vaccines administered by the Ministry of Health, and barriers to vaccine acceptance.

Effect of any form of steroids in comparison with that of other medications on the duration of olfactory dysfunction in patients with COVID-19: A systematic review of randomized trials and quasi-experimental studies.

Background: The life quality of about two-thirds of patients with COVID-19 is affected by related olfactory dysfunctions. The negative impact of olfactory dysfunction ranged from the decreased pleasure of eating to impaired quality of life. This research aimed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the effects of corticosteroid treatments by comparing that to other currently available treatments and interventions.

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis: A Prior Appendectomy Does Not Increase the Risk of Severe Clostridioides difficile Infection or Recurrence.

Background And Objectives: There is conflicting evidence regarding the association between a prior appendectomy and severity of Clostridioides difficile infection. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate this association.

Patients And Methods: Comprehensive review of multiple databases was performed up to May 2022.

Safety and Efficacy of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in the Pediatric Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been increasingly studied in the inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) population. However, most studies have focused on the adult population, and the safety and efficacy of FMT in a pediatric population is less well understood. This systematic review and meta-analysis investigates the safety and efficacy of FMT in a pediatric IBD population.

Decadal stability in coral cover could mask hidden changes on reefs in the East Asian Seas.

Coral reefs in the Central Indo-Pacific region comprise some of the most diverse and yet threatened marine habitats. While reef monitoring has grown throughout the region in recent years, studies of coral reef benthic cover remain limited in spatial and temporal scales. Here, we analysed 24,365 reef surveys performed over 37 years at 1972 sites throughout East Asia by the Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network using Bayesian approaches.

Intensive care unit presentation of central corneal descemetocele secondary to Methicillin-Resistant staphylococcal infection superimposed by a hypopyon: a case report.

Unlabelled: A descemetocele is a rare type of keratopathy that occurs when an intact descemet's membrane of the eye undergoes a herniation through an overlying stroma. Previous literature has documented corneal damage via bacterial enzymes, especially, Pseudomonas and Neisseria species. Most recent prospective interventional studies showed treatment of these infections.

A Comparative Study of Acute Alcoholic Hepatitis vs. Non-Alcoholic Hepatitis Patients from a Cohort with Chronic Alcohol Dependence.

The rate of alcoholic hepatitis (AH) has risen in recent years. AH can cause as much as 40-50% mortality in severe cases. Successful abstinence has been the only therapy associated with long-term survival in patients with AH.