The magnitude of anemia and its associated factors among pregnant women in Hawela Tula Sub-city of Hawassa, Hawassa, Ethiopia.

Introduction: Anemia is one of the most serious health problems impacting people worldwide. The disease is quiet, moving slowly and producing only a few physical symptoms. Anemia during pregnancy raises the risk of premature birth, low birth weight, and fetal anomalies, and it can have a substantial financial impact on society and families.

Assessing Longwall Gateroad Ground Response and Support Alternatives.

Ground falls in longwall gateroad entries remain a concern in modern longwall operations. The gateroads are subject to changing horizontal and vertical ground stress induced by longwall extraction. These stress changes can result in failure of the strata around an entry leading to large deformations of the entry roof, floor, and ribs.

Assessing support alternatives for longwall gateroads subject to changing stress.

Longwall gateroad entries are subject to changing horizontal and vertical stress induced by redistribution of loads around the extracted panel. The stress changes can result in significant deformation of the entries that may include roof sag, rib dilation, and floor heave. Mine operators install different types of supports to control the ground response and maintain safe access and ventilation of the longwall face.

Moderate Cover Bleeder Entry and Standing Support Performance in a Longwall Mine: a Case Study.

Bleeder entries are critically important to longwall mining for the moving of supplies, personnel, and the dilution of mine air contaminants. By design, these entries must stay open for many years for ventilation. Standing supports in moderate cover bleeder entries were observed, numerically modeled, and instrumented by researchers at the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).

Application of the coal mine floor rating (CMFR) to assess the floor stability in a Central Appalachian Coal Mine.

Estimating the overall floor stability in a coal mine using deterministic methods which require complex engineering properties of floor strata is desirable, but generally it is impractical due to the difficulty of gathering essential input data. However, applying a quantitative methodology to describe floor quality with a single number provides a practical estimate for preliminary assessment of floor stability. The coal mine floor rating (CMFR) system, developed by the University of New South Wales (UNSW), is a rock-mass classification system that provides an indicator for the competence of floor strata.

Analysis of ARMPS2010 database with LaModel and an updated abutment angle equation.

The Analysis of Retreat Mining Pillar Stability (ARMPS) program was developed by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) to help the United States coal mining industry to design safe retreat room-and-pillar panels. ARMPS calculates the magnitude of the in-situ and mining-induced loads by using geometrical computations and empirical rules. In particular, the program uses the "abutment angle" concept in calculating the magnitude of the abutment load on pillars adjacent to a gob.

A case study of the stability of a non-typical bleeder entry system at a U.S. longwall mine.

Longwall abutment loads are influenced by several factors, including depth of cover, pillar sizes, panel dimensions, geological setting, mining height, proximity to gob, intersection type, and size of the gob. How does proximity to the gob affect pillar loading and entry condition? Does the gob influence depend on whether the abutment load is a forward, side, or rear loading? Do non-typical bleeder entry systems follow the traditional front and side abutment loading and extent concepts? If not, will an improved understanding of the combined abutment extent warrant a change in pillar design or standing support in bleeder entries? This paper details observations made in the non-typical bleeder entries of a moderate depth longwall panel-specifically, data collected from borehole pressure cells and roof extensometers, observations of the conditions of the entries, and numerical modeling of the bleeder entries during longwall extraction. The primary focus was on the extent and magnitude of the abutment loading experienced due to the extraction of the longwall panels.

Overview of Current US Longwall Gateroad Support Practices: an Update.

In 2015, 40 longwall mines provided nearly 60% of the US coal production from underground mining methods. This represents a substantial yet gradual increase from just under 50% over the last 5 years. As a result of this increased production share, the percentage of ground-fall-related fatalities in longwall mines has also increased when compared to all US underground coal mines.

Analysis of global and local stress changes in a longwall gateroad.

A numerical-model-based approach was recently developed for estimating the changes in both the horizontal and vertical loading conditions induced by an approaching longwall face. In this approach, a systematic procedure is used to estimate the model's inputs. Shearing along the bedding planes is modeled with ubiquitous joint elements and interface elements.

Deep cover bleeder entry performance and support loading: A case study.

Several questions have emerged in relation to deep cover bleeder entry performance and support loading: how well do current modeling procedures calculate the rear abutment extent and loading? Does an improved understanding of the rear abutment extent warrant a change in standing support in bleeder entries? To help answer these questions and to determine the current utilization of standing support in bleeder entries, four bleeder entries at varying distances from the startup room were instrumented, observed, and numerically modeled. This paper details observations made by NIOSH researchers in the bleeder entries of a deep cover longwall panel-specifically data collected from instrumented pumpable cribs, observations of the conditions of the entries, and numerical modeling of the bleeder entries during longwall extraction. The primary focus was on the extent and magnitude of the abutment loading experienced by the standing support.

Analysis of monitored ground support and rock mass response in a longwall tailgate entry.

A comprehensive monitoring program was conducted to measure the rock mass displacements, support response, and stress changes at a longwall tailgate entry in West Virginia. Monitoring was initiated a few days after development of the gateroad entries and continued during passage of the longwall panels on both sides of the entry. Monitoring included overcore stress measurements of the initial stress within the rock mass, changes in cable bolt loading, standing support pressure, roof deformation, rib deformation, stress changes in the coal pillar, and changes in the full three-dimensional stress tensor within the rock mass at six locations around the monitoring site.

Design concerns of room and pillar retreat panels.

Why do some room and pillar retreat panels encounter abnormal conditions? What factors deserve the most consideration during the planning and execution phases of mining and what can be done to mitigate those abnormal conditions when they are encountered? To help answer these questions, and to determine some of the relevant factors influencing the conditions of room and pillar (R & P) retreat mining entries, four consecutive R & P retreat panels were evaluated. This evaluation was intended to reinforce the influence of topographic changes, depth of cover, multiple-seam interactions, geological conditions, and mining geometry. This paper details observations were made in four consecutive R & P retreat panels and the data were collected from an instrumentation site during retreat mining.

A case study of multi-seam coal mine entry stability analysis with strength reduction method.

In this paper, the advantage of using numerical models with the strength reduction method (SRM) to evaluate entry stability in complex multiple-seam conditions is demonstrated. A coal mine under variable topography from the Central Appalachian region is used as a case study. At this mine, unexpected roof conditions were encountered during development below previously mined panels.

Analysis of alternatives for using cable bolts as primary support at two low-seam coal mines.

Cable bolts are sometimes used in low-seam coal mines to provide support in difficult ground conditions. This paper describes cable bolting solutions at two low-seam coal mines in similar ground conditions. Both mines used support systems incorporating cable bolts as part of the primary support system.

[Crime analysis regarding sex offenders in Turkey: psychological profiling, cognitive distortions and psychopathy among rapists].

Aim: In this study the characteristics offenders and victims that contribute to offender profiling are analyzed in cases of sexual assault. The analysis of sexual assaults are identifies the relationship between these characteristics and sex crimes by examining the elements which contribute to sex crimes including demographic characteristics, domestic and developmental conditions, forensic history, cognitive distortions and psychopathy.

Methods: The Interviewing Tool For Sex Crimes, Cognitive Distortions Question Tool About Rape, and Levenson Self Report Psychopathy Scale (LSRP) were applied to 106 male convicts between the ages of 18-65 or a control group consisting of 100 males volunteers between the age range of 18-65 from 11 different closed prisons.