Unraveling the elongating bovine conceptus microenvironment: identification of gene transcripts and proteins along the conceptus-maternal interface in cattle.

The bovine conceptus elongates near Day 16 of development and releases interferon-tau (IFNT), disrupting the endometrial luteolytic mechanism to sustain luteal P4 and pregnancy. Conceptus factors other than IFNT modify local endometrial activities to support pregnancy; however, the microenvironment is largely uncharacterized. We utilized a bovine conceptus-endometrial culture system to elucidate the microenvironment in the form of RNA and protein.

Surgical management and outcome of acquired inguinal hernias in mature bulls: 13 cases (2005-2017).

Objective: To describe rates of surgical complications, survival, and return to breeding soundness following herniorrhaphy for bulls with inguinal hernias.

Animals: 13 sexually mature bulls with acquired inguinal hernias.

Procedures: Medical record databases of 3 veterinary teaching hospitals were searched to identify records of bulls that underwent herniorrhaphy for correction of an inguinal hernia from 2005 to 2017.

Hormone-responsive organoids from domestic mare and endangered Przewalski's horse endometrium.

The endometrium, the inner uterine lining, is composed of cell layers that come in direct contact with an embryo during early pregnancy and later with the fetal placenta. The endometrium is responsible for signals associated with normal reproductive cyclicity as well as maintenance of pregnancy. In the mare, functionally competent in vitro models of the endometrium have not been successful.

Dimethyl sulfoxide maintains structure and function of cryopreserved equine endometrial explants.

Availability of viable frozen-thawed endometrial tissues could facilitate detailed studies into physiologic and disease processes influencing the endometrium. This study was designed to investigate the cryosurvival of equine endometrial tissue. Previous studies in the human and horse have focused on cryopreservation of dissociated endometrial cells.

Factors in cattle affecting embryo transfer pregnancies in recipient animals.

The use of embryo transfer (ET) in cattle is important for profitability and improved genetic gains. The advent of the commercial embryo collection and transfer industry has led to advancements in multiple techniques and practices. Specific variables, however, have historically affected pregnancy rates but an understanding of the magnitude of these effects in the current industry is limited.

Surgical Procedures of the Genital Organs of Cows.

Reproductive surgical techniques are considered by practitioners/clinicians of theriogenology to be the most beneficial reproductive management that can be performed to treat conditions of cows that may affect fertility. Conditions affecting the reproductive tract can cause pathologic changes that may result in substantial economic and genetic losses to beef and dairy producers. Some injuries and diseases are amenable to surgical treatment.

Surgical Procedures of the Genital Organs of Bulls.

Reproductive surgical techniques are considered by practitioners of theriogenology to be the best method to manage infertility-causing conditions or diseases of the bull. Injury or diseases of the reproductive tract may cause abnormalities that may result in substantial losses to the producers of beef and dairy cattle. The most cost-effective method of dealing with reproductive conditions or diseases of the bull is culling and replacement.

Successful treatment of a Vietnamese potbellied pig with an ovarian leiomyoma.

Case Description: An adult sexually intact female Vietnamese potbellied pig was examined because of abdominal distention of 5 months' duration.

Clinical Findings: The pig was moderately anemic, and its abdomen was greatly distended. A freely movable abdominal mass was detected during palpation and ultrasonographic examination of the abdomen.

A comparison of two combinations of xylazine-ketamine administered intramuscularly to alpacas and of reversal with tolazoline.

Objective: To evaluate the anesthetic and cardiorespiratory effects of two doses of intramuscular (IM) xylazine/ketamine in alpacas, and to determine if tolazoline would reduce the anesthetic recovery time.

Study Design: Prospective randomized crossover study.

Animals: Six castrated male alpacas.

Effects of acepromazine and butorphanol on tiletamine-zolazepam anesthesia in llamas.

Objective: To evaluate sedative, antinociceptive, and physiologic effects of acepromazine and butorphanol during tiletamine-zolazepam (TZ) anesthesia in llamas.

Animals: 5 young adult llamas.

Procedures: Llamas received each of 5 treatments IM (1-week intervals): A (acepromazine, 0.

A comparison of two intramuscular doses of xylazine-ketamine combination and tolazoline reversal in llamas.

Objective: To evaluate the anesthetic and cardiorespiratory effects of two doses of intramuscular xylazine/ketamine in llamas, and to determine if an intramuscular injection of tolazoline would shorten the anesthesia recovery time.

Study Design: Prospective randomized study.

Animals: Six castrated male llamas.

Anaplasma marginale msp1alpha genotypes evolved under positive selection pressure but are not markers for geographic isolates.

Anaplasma marginale (order Rickettsiales, family Anaplasmataceae), a tick-borne pathogen of cattle, is endemic in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Many geographic isolates of A. marginale occur in the United States and have been identified by major surface protein 1a (MSP1a), which varies in sequence and molecular weight due to different numbers of tandem 28- to 29-amino-acid repeats.