Influenza A(H5N1) Virus Subunit Vaccine Administered with CaPNP Adjuvant Induce High Virus Neutralization Antibody Titers in Mice.

The highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus continues to spread globally in domestic poultry with sporadic transmission to humans. The possibility for its rapid transmission to humans raised global fears for the virus to gain capacity for human-to-human transmission to start a future pandemic. Through direct contact with infected poultry, it caused the largest number of reported cases of severe disease and death in humans of any avian influenza strains.

A novel immunization approach for dengue infection based on conserved T cell epitopes formulated in calcium phosphate nanoparticles.

Dengue virus (DV) is the etiologic agent of dengue fever, the most significant mosquito-borne viral disease in humans. Most DV vaccine approaches are focused on generating antibody mediated responses; one such DV vaccine is approved for use in humans but its efficacy is limited. While it is clear that T cell responses play important role in DV infection and subsequent disease manifestations, fewer studies are aimed at developing vaccines that induce robust T cells responses.

Calcium Phosphate Particles as Pulmonary Delivery System for Interferon-α in Mice.

Systemically administered interferons are rapidly cleared from the circulation thus requiring frequent dosing to maintain the therapeutic levels of circulating interferon. This is particularly problematic for their use in the treatment of chronic diseases. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential of proprietary calcium phosphate (CaP) particles to deliver biologically active interferon alpha (IFNα) via the lungs into systemic circulation.

A novel modified vaccination technique produces IgG antibodies that cause complement-mediated lysis of multiple myeloma cells carrying CD38 antigen.

Objectives were to: 1) induce a lytic IgG antibody (ab) response (via the so called `third vaccination method') against CD38 antigen (ag) residing on the extra-cellular domain of multiple myeloma (MM) cells in recipient rabbits, by combining the CD38 ag with donor-derived anti-CD38 ag lytic IgG ab into an immune complex (IC); and 2) determine whether abs produced would cause complement-mediated lysis (in vitro) of human MM cells containing CD38 ag. The vaccine was created in a two-step process. First, ab (rabbit anti-CD38 ag IgG ab) was raised in donor rabbits by injections of low molecular weight soluble CD38 ag in Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) and aqueous solution.

Evaluation of novel particles as pulmonary delivery systems for insulin in rats.

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the influence of calcium phosphate (CAP) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) particles on the systemic delivery of insulin administered by the pulmonary route. Two methods of pulmonary delivery were employed: intratracheal instillation and spray instillation. Insulin-CAP-PEG particles in suspension (1.

Calcium phosphate nanoparticles induce mucosal immunity and protection against herpes simplex virus type 2.

Previously we reported that calcium phosphate nanoparticles (CAP) represented a superior alternative to alum adjuvants in mice immunized with viral protein. Additionally, we showed that CAP was safe and elicited no detectable immunoglobulin E (IgE) response. In this study, we demonstrated that following mucosal delivery of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) antigen with CAP, CAP adjuvant enhanced protective systemic and mucosal immunity versus live virus.