Medical interventions for chronic rhinosinusitis in cystic fibrosis.

Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis frequently occurs in people with cystic fibrosis. Several medical interventions are available for treating chronic rhinosinusitis in people with cystic fibrosis; for example, different concentrations of nasal saline irrigations, topical or oral corticosteroids, antibiotics - including nebulized antibiotics - dornase alfa and modulators of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) (such as lumacaftor, ivacaftor or tezacaftor). However, the efficacy of these interventions is unclear.

Middle-ear disease in children with cleft palate.

Objective: The objective of this review is to summarize all aspects of middle ear diseases in children with cleft palate (CP).

Methods: PubMed, Scopus, The Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and The Cochrane Library were searched for English-language randomized control trials (RCTs), meta-analyses, systematic reviews and observational studies published through 31st July 2017.

Results: Epidemiology and pathogenesis of middle ear diseases in children with cleft palate have been discussed in this review.

Lumbar sympathectomy techniques for critical lower limb ischaemia due to non-reconstructable peripheral arterial disease.

Background: Critical lower limb ischaemia (CLI) is a manifestation of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) that is seen in patients with typical chronic ischaemic rest pain or patients with ischaemic skin lesions - ulcers or gangrene - for longer than 2 weeks. Critical lower limb ischaemia is the most severe form of PAD, and interventions to improve arterial perfusion become necessary. Although surgical bypass has been the gold standard for revascularisation, the extent or the site of disease may be such that the artery cannot be reconstructed or bypassed.