Co-metabolism of nonylphenol ethoxylate in sequencing batch reactor under aerobic conditions.

The study evaluated the co-metabolism of nonylphenol polyethoxylate (NPEO) within a main substrate stream subjected to biodegradation in an activated sludge system. Peptone mixture simulating sewage was selected as the synthetic substrate. As a novel approach, the NPEO concentration was magnified to match the COD level of the peptone mixture, so that co-metabolism could be evaluated by respirometry and modeling.

A New Activated Sludge Model with Membrane Separation-Implications for Sewage and Textile Effluent.

A new model for the activated sludge process with membrane separation is presented, based on the effective filtration size. A new size threshold is imposed by the membrane module. The model structure requires a modified fractionation of the chemical oxygen demand and includes chemical oxygen demand fractions entrapped in the reactor or in the flocs as model components.

Treatment of industrial contaminants with zero-valent iron- and zero-valent aluminium-activated persulfate: a case study with 3,5-dichlorophenol and 2,4-dichloroaniline.

Zero-valent iron (ZVI)- and zero-valent aluminium (ZVA)-activated persulfate (PS) oxidation procedure was applied to remove the industrial pollutants 3,5-dichlorophenol (3,5-DCP; 12.27 µM) and 2,4-dichloroaniline (2,4-DCA; 12.34 µM) from aqueous solutions.

Toxicity of Zn-Fe Layered Double Hydroxide to Different Organisms in the Aquatic Environment.

The application of layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanomaterials as catalysts has attracted great interest due to their unique structural features. It also triggered the need to study their fate and behavior in the aquatic environment. In the present study, Zn-Fe nanolayered double hydroxides (Zn-Fe LDHs) were synthesized using a co-precipitation method and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and nitrogen adsorption-desorption analyses.

Toxicity evaluation of bulk and nanosheet MoS catalysts using battery bioassays.

Herein, the main aim is to study the influence of the materials' structural properties on their ecotoxicological properties. The acute toxicity of the bulk (molybdenum disulfide) MoS and 2D nanosheet MoS was investigated using organisms of four different taxonomic groups. Ultrasound-assisted liquid-phase exfoliation method was used for preparing 2D nanosheets from bulk MoS.

Evaluation of advanced oxidation processes for the treatment of nanofiltration membrane concentrate considering toxicity and oxidation by-products.

This paper offers a feasible solution for the treatment of membrane concentrate produced from the textile industry, using the Fenton, Advanced Fenton (AF), ozonation and hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) and combination of these processes. The study investigated the optimum oxidant and catalyst concentrations, optimum operational conditions and comparison of these processes. The potential formation of chlorinated organic compounds after oxidation of membrane concentrate was also investigated by analyzing total organic halogen (TOX) and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCBs).

Determination of the potential of pickle wastewater as feedstock for biopolymer production.

Food industry wastewater (FIWW) streams with high organic content are among the most suitable and inexpensive candidates for polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) biopolymer production. Due to its high organic acid content, pickle industry wastewater (PIWW), can be considered as one of the prospective alternatives to petroleum-based polymers for PHA production. In this context, this study aimed to investigate the production of PHA with enriched microbial culture using PIWW.

Degradation of 3,5-dichlorophenol by UV-C photolysis and UV-C-activated persulfate oxidation process in pure water and simulated tertiary treated urban wastewater.

UV-C and UV-C/peroxydisulfate (PS) treatments of 3,5-dichlorophenol (3,5-DCP), a model industrial pollutant, were comparatively investigated in two different water matrices namely distilled water (DW) and simulated treated urban wastewater (SWW). The treatment performance of the selected treatment processes was comprehensively examined by following changes in 3,5-DCP, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), PS consumption, Cl release, aromatic/aliphatic degradation products and acute toxicities towards the marine photobacterium and freshwater microalga . The treatability of 2 mg/L (12.

UV-C-activated persulfate oxidation of a commercially important fungicide: case study with iprodione in pure water and simulated tertiary treated urban wastewater.

Recently, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has banned the use of iprodione (IPR), a common hydantoin fungicide and nematicide that was frequently used for the protective treatment of crops and vegetables. In the present study, the treatment of 2 mg/L (6.06 μM) aqueous IPR solution through ultraviolet-C (UV-C)-activated persulfate (PS) advanced oxidation process (UV-C/PS) was investigated.

Oxidative degradation of Bisphenol A by carbocatalytic activation of persulfate and peroxymonosulfate with reduced graphene oxide.

In the present study, novel metal-free activation of persulfate (PS) and peroxymonosulfate with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was investigated to degrade Bisphenol A (BPA), one of the most important endocrine disrupting compounds, from different aqueous matrices, namely distilled water (DW) and municipal wastewater treatment plant effluent (TWW). The home-made rGO was characterize and the effect of oxidant (PS and PMS) and catalyst (rGO) concentrations on BPA degradation rates in DW and TWW samples was examined. Complete BPA degradation occurred in DW and TWW with the PS/rGO treatment system after 10 min and 30 min, respectively, whereas 94% (DW) and 83% (TWW) BPA removals were obtained with PMS/rGO for the same treatment period (BPA = 2 mg/L; rGO = 0.

Effect of inorganic and organic solutes on zero-valent aluminum-activated hydrogen peroxide and persulfate oxidation of bisphenol A.

The effect of varying inorganic (chloride, nitrate, sulfate, and phosphate) and organic (represented by humic acid) solutes on the removal of aqueous micropollutant bisphenol A (BPA; 8.8 μM; 2 mg/L) with the oxidizing agents hydrogen peroxide (HP; 0.25 mM) and persulfate (PS; 0.

Zero-valent iron-activated persulfate oxidation of a commercial alkyl phenol polyethoxylate.

Aqueous Triton X-45 (TX-45; 20 mg/L; original total organic carbon (TOC) = 14 mg/L), a representative, commercially important alkylphenol polyethoxylate, was subjected to persulfate (PS) oxidation activated with zero-valent iron (ZVI) nanoparticles. After optimization of the ZVI/PS treatment combination (1 g/L ZVI; 2.5 mM PS at pH5) in terms of pH (3-9), ZVI (0.

A comparative study of HO•- and SO4•--based AOPs for the degradation of non-ionic surfactant Brij30.

In the present study aqueous solutions of Brij30, an alcohol ethoxylate surfactant, were photocatalytically and photochemically treated by employing the TiO2/UV-A, H2O2/UV-C and persulfate (PS)/UV-C processes. During TiO2/UV-A treatment, even in short reaction periods (10 minutes), high rates of Brij30 removals were achieved; however, longer experiment periods (240-480 minutes) were needed in order to obtain notable total organic carbon (TOC) removals. Increasing the TiO2 dosage exhibited a positive effect on treatment efficiencies.

Photo-Fenton-like treatment of K-acid: assessment of treatability, toxicity and oxidation products.

Photo-Fenton-like treatment of the commercially important naphthalene sulphonate K-acid (2-naphthylamine-3,6,8-trisulphonic acid) was investigated using UV-C, UV-A and visible light irradiation. Changes in toxicity patterns were followed by the Vibrio fischeri bioassay. Rapid and complete degradation of K-acid accompanied with nearly complete oxidation and mineralization rates (>90%) were achieved for all studied irradiation types.

S2O8(2-)/UV-C and H2O2/UV-C treatment of Bisphenol A: assessment of toxicity, estrogenic activity, degradation products and results in real water.

The performance of S2O8(2-)/UV-C and H2O2/UV-C treatments was investigated for the degradation and detoxification of Bisphenol A (BPA). The acute toxicity of BPA and its degradation products was examined with the Vibrio fischeri bioassay, whereas changes in estrogenic activity were followed with the Yeast Estrogen Screen (YES) assay. LC and LC-MS/MS analyses were conducted to determine degradation products evolving during photochemical treatment.

Investigation of the toxicity of common oxidants used in advanced oxidation processes and their quenching agents.

The inhibitory effect of commonly known oxidants and their quenching agents was investigated by employing a battery of toxicity tests. Hydrogen peroxide toxicity could be effectively eliminated by the enzyme catalase, whereas sodium thiosulfate and ascorbic acid were recommended as suitable quenching agents for the removal of the oxidants persulfate and peroxymonosulfate in the Vibrio fischeri bioassays. None of the studied quenching agents was found to be suitable for persulfate and peroxymonosulfate in the Daphnia magna bioassays since high inhibitory effects were obtained for both oxidants.

Abatements of reduced sulphur compounds, colour, and organic matter from indigo dyeing effluents by electrocoagulation.

In the present study, the treatability of indigo dyeing effluents by the electrocoagulation (EC) process using stainless steel electrodes was experimentally investigated. The samples used were concentrated with main pollutant parameters of chemical oxygen demand (COD) (1000-1100 mg/L), reduced sulphur species (over 2000 mg SO2-(3)/L), and colour (0.12-0.

Photo-Fenton-like treatment of BPA: effect of UV light source and water matrix on toxicity and transformation products.

UV-A (near-UV), UV-C (short-UV) and visible-light assisted Fenton-like treatment of Bisphenol A (BPA) was investigated in pure water and raw freshwater samples spiked with BPA. Treatment performances were evaluated in terms of BPA degradation, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal and H2O2 consumption rates. Complete BPA degradation accompanied with significant DOC removal was achieved for all studied processes.

Bisphenol A treatment by the hot persulfate process: oxidation products and acute toxicity.

In this study, a thermally activated persulfate oxidation process was investigated to treat aqueous Bisphenol A (BPA) solution. The effect of temperature (40-50-60-70°C), initial pH (pH=3.0, 6.

Advanced oxidation of the commercial nonionic surfactant octylphenol polyethoxylate Triton™ X-45 by the persulfate/UV-C process: effect of operating parameters and kinetic evaluation.

This study explored the potential use of a sulfate radical (SO(·-) 4)-based photochemical oxidation process to treat the commercial nonionic surfactant octylphenol polyethoxylate (OPPE) Triton™ X-45. For this purpose, the effect of initial S2O(2-) 8 (0-5.0 mM) and OPPE (10-100 mg/L) concentrations on OPPE and its organic carbon content (TOC) removal were investigated at an initial reaction pH of 6.

H2O2/UV-C treatment of textile preparation wastewater: kinetic investigation on alternative combinations of commercial textile preparation auxiliaries.

Four different textile preparation effluents were simulated to examine the applicability of the hydrogen peroxide/ultraviolet-C (H2O2/UV-C) advanced oxidation process for the treatment of real textile preparation (desizing, scouring and bleaching) wastewater bearing the non-ionic surfactant nonyl phenol decaethoxylate (NP-10). In the absence of any textile preparation chemical, NP-10 degradation was complete in 15 min (rate coefficient: 0.22 min(-1)) accompanied by 78% chemical oxygen demand (COD) (rate coefficient: 0.

Adsorption of textile reactive dyestuffs by treatment sludges of inorganic nature.

Colour removal from industrial effluents, particularly from the textile industry, has become an important requirement as the adverse effects ofdyestuffs, such as toxicity, on the environment have been proven. Adsorption is a commonly used treatment method for colour removal. Although activated carbon is very effective for this purpose, a number of natural materials and waste materials, such as waste sludges generated from treatment systems, have been tested to reduce the cost of the process.

The hydroxyl radical scavenging effect of textile preparation auxiliaries on the photochemical treatment of nonylphenol ethoxylate.

The present paper deals with the effects of frequently used textile preparation chemicals and common ions on the H2O2/UV-C treatment of a commercially important and slowly biodegradable nonionic surfactant, namely a nonylphenol bearing 10 ethoxylated chains. For this purpose, the effect of soda ash carbonate (0-5.0 g L(-1)), two phosphonic acid-based organic sequestering agents (0-2.

Electrocoagulation of commercial naphthalene sulfonates: process optimization and assessment of implementation potential.

The commercially important naphthalene sulfonate K-acid (C(10)H(9)NO(9)S(3); 2-naphthylamine 3,6,8-tri sulfonic acid) was subjected to electrocoagulation employing stainless steel electrodes. An experimental design tool was used to mathematically describe and optimize the single and combined influences of major process variables on K-acid and its organic carbon (COD and TOC) removal efficiencies as well as electrical energy consumption. Current density, followed by treatment time were found to be the parameters affecting process responses most significantly, whereas initial K-acid concentration had the least influence on the electrocoagulation performance.

Application of the UV-C photo-assisted peroxymonosulfate oxidation for the mineralization of dimethyl phthalate in aqueous solutions.

In this study, the degradation of dimethyl phthalate (DMP), taken as model compound for phthalate esters, by the photo-assisted peroxymonosulfate (PMS) process was investigated. The high oxidation potential of hydroxyl and sulfate radicals generated by the activation of PMS under UV-C light irradiation was used to completely oxidize aqueous DMP solutions. Experiments were conducted at varying initial pH values (3.