Fructose as a key biomarker for prognostication in idiopathic obstructive azoospermia associated with CFTR and ADGRG2 gene variants.

Background: Isolated obstructive azoospermia (iOA) is classified as a type of obstructive azoospermia (OA) where cases remain "unexplained" even after excluding congenital absence of the vas deferens and external factors. This study aimed to determine if certain semen characteristics in iOA patients could indicate underlying genetic variants.

Objectives: To investigate CFTR and ADGRG2 gene variants in patients with idiopathic obstructive azoospermia (iOA) and identify semen parameters associated with these variants to guide genetic testing.