Changes in the taxonomic composition of soil bacterial communities under different inter-row tillage managements in a sloping vineyard of the Balaton Uplands (Hungary).

The common grape (Vitis vinifera L.) has been cultivated for thousands of years. Nowadays, it is cultivated using a variety of tillage practices that affect the structure of the soil microbial communities and thus the health of the vine.

Taxonomic diversity and environmental tolerance of cultivable extremophilic bacteria from a high-altitude meltwater pond on Ojos del Salado (Chile).

Earth harbors unique environments where only microorganisms adapted to extreme conditions, known as extremophiles, can survive. This study focused on a high-altitude meltwater pond, located in the Puna de Atacama, Dry Andes. The extremophilic bacteria of this habitat must adapt to a range of extremities, including cold and dry climate, high UV radiation, high daily temperature fluctuations, low-nutrient availability, and negative water balance.

Soil Parameters and Forest Structure Commonly Form the Microbiome Composition and Activity of Topsoil Layers in Planted Forests.

Soil bacterial communities play a remarkable role in nutrient cycling, significantly affecting soil organic material content, soil fertility, and, in an indirect way, plant succession processes. Conversely, vegetation type influences microbial soil life. The present study compared the bacterial microbiome composition, diversity and catabolic activity profile of topsoil samples collected under three different forest types (a twice-coppiced black locust stand, a young, naturally reforested, and a middle-aged mixed pedunculate oak stand) planted on former arable land in the early 20th century.

Response of the metabolic activity and taxonomic composition of bacterial communities to mosaically varying soil salinity and alkalinity.

Soil salinity and sodicity is a worldwide problem that affects the composition and activity of bacterial communities and results from elevated salt and sodium contents. Depending on the degree of environmental pressure and the combined effect of other factors, haloalkalitolerant and haloalkaliphilic bacterial communities will be selected. These bacteria play a potential role in the maintenance and restoration of salt-affected soils; however, until recently, only a limited number of studies have simultaneously studied the bacterial diversity and activity of saline-sodic soils.

Polyenic Antibiotics and Other Antifungal Compounds Produced by Hemolytic Species.

are of great interest in the pharmaceutical industry as they produce a plethora of secondary metabolites that act as antibacterial and antifungal agents. They may thrive on their own in the soil, or associate with other organisms, such as plants or invertebrates. Some soil-derived strains exhibit hemolytic properties when cultivated on blood agar, raising the question of whether hemolysis could be a virulence factor of the bacteria.

Bacterial Diversity of a High-Altitude Permafrost Thaw Pond Located on Ojos del Salado (Dry Andes, Altiplano-Atacama Region).

Microbial ecology of permafrost, due to its ecological and astrobiological importance, has been in the focus of studies in past decades. Although permafrost is an ancient and stable environment, it is also subjected to current climate changes. Permafrost degradation often results in generation of thaw ponds, a phenomenon not only reported mainly from polar regions but also present in high-altitude permafrost environments.

The structure of hyperalkaline aqueous solutions containing high concentrations of gallium--a solution X-ray diffraction and computational study.

Highly concentrated alkaline NaOH-Ga(OH)3 solutions with 1.18 M ≤ [Ga(III)]T ≤ 2.32 M and 2.

A gold cyano complex in nitromethane: MD simulation and X-ray diffraction.

The solvation structure around the dicyanoaurate(I) anion (Au(CN)) in a dilute nitromethane (CHNO) solution is presented from X-ray diffraction measurements and molecular dynamics simulation (NVT ensemble, 460 nitromethane molecules at room temperature). The simulations are based on a new solute-solvent force-field fitted to a training set of quantum-chemically derived interaction energies. Radial distribution functions from experiment and simulation are in good agreement.

Hydrogen bonded network properties in liquid formamide.

Molecular dynamics simulations have been performed for liquid formamide using two different types of potential model (OPLS, Cordeiro). The structural results obtained from simulation were compared to experimental (x-ray and neutron diffraction measurements) outcomes. A generally good agreement for both models examined has been found, but in the hydrogen bonded region (2.

Solution structure of NaNO3 in water: diffraction and molecular dynamics simulation study.

The structure of a series of aqueous sodium nitrate solutions (1.9-7.6 M) was studied using a combination of experimental and theoretical methods.

Benchmarking polarizable molecular dynamics simulations of aqueous sodium hydroxide by diffraction measurements.

Results from molecular dynamics simulations of aqueous hydroxide of varying concentrations have been compared with experimental structural data. First, the polarizable POL3 model was verified against neutron scattering using a reverse Monte Carlo fitting procedure. It was found to be competitive with other simple water models and well suited for combining with hydroxide ions.

A clinical study of the intergenerational transmission of eating disorders from mothers to daughters.

Clinicians and researchers have long recognized the existence of eating disorders in very young children, including infants whose mothers have eating disorders. This paper combines reviews of the literature relevant to the study of eating disorders from the perspectives of both research and psychoanalytic theory in order to explore the psychodynamics of the intergenerational transmission of eating-disordered pathology from mother to child. A developmental pathway as well as several mechanisms that illuminate the pathogenesis of the intergenerational transmission of eating disorders are proposed and described.

Water-methanol mixtures: topology of hydrogen bonded network.

Molecular dynamics simulation has been performed to study the structure of water-methanol mixtures. Besides the evaluation of partial radial distribution functions describing the hydrogen-bonded structure of the mixtures with different composition, the statistical analysis of configurations was introduced resulting in a new insight in the clustering properties and topology of hydrogen-bonded network. The results have shown that mixtures of methanol and water exhibit extended structures in solution.

Complete structural characterization of metallacyclic complexes in solution-phase using simultaneously X-ray diffraction and molecular dynamics simulation.

Wide-angle X-ray diffraction and molecular dynamics simulation has been used to perform complete structural characterization of nitromethane solution of a 16-membered gold(I) ring. The joint application of these two methods was an adequate tool to describe not only the structure of the complex but also the solvation properties of the complex in nitromethane and the effect of the solvation on the bulk structure. It has been found that a relatively diffuse slightly distorted solvation shell is formed around the complex, following the shape of the molecule.

The structure of aqueous sodium hydroxide solutions: a combined solution x-ray diffraction and simulation study.

To determine the structure of aqueous sodium hydroxide solutions, results obtained from x-ray diffraction and computer simulation (molecular dynamics and Car-Parrinello) have been compared. The capabilities and limitations of the methods in describing the solution structure are discussed. For the solutions studied, diffraction methods were found to perform very well in describing the hydration spheres of the sodium ion and yield structural information on the anion's hydration structure.

Stock-still behavior: a potential developmental marker.

During the course of a pilot study of toddlers' behavior and play, the experimenters observed a previously undocumented behavior. This behavior now labeled "stock-still" behavior, was noted at the age of 17.5 months and consisted of the toddlers' standing motionless at or near the doorway of a nursery when previously they had marched, seemingly intrepid, into the room on their own.

Structure of liquid nitromethane: comparison of simulation and diffraction studies.

Simulation (molecular dynamics and Car-Parrinello [Phys. Rev. Lett.

Synthesis and solution- and solid-state characterization of gold(I) rings with short Au...Au interactions. Spontaneous resolution of a gold(I) complex.

We report the synthesis and solution- and solid-state characterization of gold(I) rings with short 1,9-transannular Au...

X-ray diffraction and DOSY NMR characterization of self-assembled supramolecular metallocyclic species in solution.

Wide-angle X-ray scattering and diffusion NMR techniques have been used to obtain structural information on three self-assembled metallacyclic supramolecular complexes in solution: a rectangle, a triangle, and a three-diminsional cage. The low-angle region of the measured diffraction patterns and hydrodynamic radii calculations, determined from DOSY NMR experiments, suggest that the supramolecular assemblies retain their shape when dissolved in nitromethane. The experimental structure functions for the large-angle region have been analyzed, and the intramolecular contributions of the platinum-platinum interactions are discussed.