Strong legacies of emerging trends in winter precipitation on the carbon-climate feedback from Arctic tundra.

Changes in winter precipitation accompanying emerging climate trends lead to a major carbon-climate feedback from Arctic tundra. However, the mechanisms driving the direction, magnitude, and form (CO and CH) of C fluxes and derived climate forcing (i.e.

Suppression of the postprandial hyperglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes by a raw medicinal herb powder is weakened when consumed in ordinary hard gelatin capsules: A randomized crossover clinical trial.

Introduction: Contradictory claims about the efficacy of several medicinal plants to promote glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have been explained by divergences in the administration form and by extrapolation of data obtained from healthy individuals. It is not known whether the antidiabetic effects of traditional herbal medicines are influenced by gelatin capsules. This randomized crossover trial aimed to evaluate the acute effect of a single dose of raw cinnamon consumed orally either dissolved in water as a beverage or as ordinary hard gelatin capsules on postprandial hyperglycemia (>140 mg/dL; >7.

Postprandial hyperglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes is reduced by raw insoluble fiber: A randomized trial.

Background And Aims: A lower risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with the intake of insoluble fiber. This contradicts the postulate that insoluble fibers do not decrease postprandial glycemic response and that only viscous gel-forming soluble fibers would do this. This study aimed to investigate the effect of a dose of insoluble fibers that meets dietary recommendations on postprandial hyperglycemia in T2DM patients.

Molecular surveillance of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales in two nearby tertiary hospitals to identify regional spread of high-risk clones in Germany, 2019-2020.

Background: Understanding the transmission dynamics of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) is critical to addressing the escalating global threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Although hospital transmission of CRE has been extensively studied, information on community transmission is lacking.

Aim: To identify genomic clusters of CRE from two nearby institutions that may be indicative of community or inter-facility transmission.

Assessing the Performance of Artificial Intelligence Models: Insights from the American Society of Functional Neuroradiology Artificial Intelligence Competition.

Background And Purpose: Artificial intelligence models in radiology are frequently developed and validated using data sets from a single institution and are rarely tested on independent, external data sets, raising questions about their generalizability and applicability in clinical practice. The American Society of Functional Neuroradiology (ASFNR) organized a multicenter artificial intelligence competition to evaluate the proficiency of developed models in identifying various pathologies on NCCT, assessing age-based normality and estimating medical urgency.

Materials And Methods: In total, 1201 anonymized, full-head NCCT clinical scans from 5 institutions were pooled to form the data set.

The ratting of North America: A 350-year retrospective on species compositions and competition.

While the impacts of black () and brown () rats on human society are well documented-including the spread of disease, broad-scale environmental destruction, and billions spent annually on animal control-little is known about their ecology and behavior in urban areas due to the challenges of studying animals in city environments. We use isotopic and ZooMS analysis of archaeological (1550s-1900 CE) rat remains from eastern North America to provide a large-scale framework for species arrival, interspecific competition, and dietary ecology. Brown rats arrived earlier than expected and rapidly outcompeted black rats in coastal urban areas.

7T MRI for Cushing Disease: A Single-Institution Experience and Literature Review.

Background And Purpose: Cushing disease is typically caused by a pituitary adenoma that frequently is small and challenging to detect on conventional MR imaging. High-field-strength 7T MR imaging can leverage increased SNR and contrast-to-noise ratios compared with lower-field-strength MR imaging to help identify small pituitary lesions. We aimed to describe our institutional experience with 7T MR imaging in patients with Cushing disease and perform a review of the literature.

A cleavage rule for selection of increased-fidelity SpCas9 variants with high efficiency and no detectable off-targets.

Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 (SpCas9) has been employed as a genome engineering tool with a promising potential within therapeutics. However, its off-target effects present major safety concerns for applications requiring high specificity. Approaches developed to date to mitigate this effect, including any of the increased-fidelity (i.

Plant mycorrhizal associations mediate the zoogeochemical effects of calving subsidies by a forest ungulate.

Animals interact with and impact ecosystem biogeochemical cycling-processes known as zoogeochemistry. While the deposition of various animal materials (e.g.

Data-Driven Variable Impedance Control of a Powered Knee-Ankle Prosthesis for Adaptive Speed and Incline Walking.

Most impedance-based walking controllers for powered knee-ankle prostheses use a finite state machine with dozens of user-specific parameters that require manual tuning by technical experts. These parameters are only appropriate near the task (., walking speed and incline) at which they were tuned, necessitating many different parameter sets for variable-task walking.

Dual color pH probes made from silica and polystyrene nanoparticles and their performance in cell studies.

Ratiometric green-red fluorescent nanosensors for fluorometrically monitoring pH in the acidic range were designed from 80 nm-sized polystyrene (PS) and silica (SiO) nanoparticles (NPs), red emissive reference dyes, and a green emissive naphthalimide pH probe, analytically and spectroscopically characterized, and compared regarding their sensing performance in aqueous dispersion and in cellular uptake studies. Preparation of these optical probes, which are excitable by 405 nm laser or LED light sources, involved the encapsulation of the pH-inert red-fluorescent dye Nile Red (NR) in the core of self-made carboxylated PSNPs by a simple swelling procedure and the fabrication of rhodamine B (RhB)-stained SiO-NPs from a silane derivative of pH-insensitive RhB. Subsequently, the custom-made naphthalimide pH probe, that utilizes a protonation-controlled photoinduced electron transfer process, was covalently attached to the carboxylic acid groups at the surface of both types of NPs.

Acute Flaxseed Intake Reduces Postprandial Glycemia in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Crossover Clinical Trial.

Background: Postprandial glycemic excursions are associated with impairment control of diabetes mellitus. Long-term consumption of flaxseed can lower blood glucose levels; however, its effects on the postprandial glycemic response remain unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the acute effects of raw flaxseed consumption on the 2 h postprandial glycemic curve in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

A Multicenter Clinical Diagnostic Accuracy Study of SureStatus, an Affordable, WHO Emergency Use-Listed, Rapid, Point-Of-Care Antigen-Detecting Diagnostic Test for SARS-CoV-2.

Access to reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) testing, the gold standard for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) detection, is limited throughout the world, due to restricted resources, available infrastructure, and high costs. Antigen-detecting rapid diagnostic tests (Ag-RDTs) overcome some of these barriers, but independent clinical validations in settings of intended use are scarce. To inform the World Health Organization's (WHO) emergency use listing (EUL) procedure and ensure affordable, high-quality Ag-RDTs, we assessed the performance and ease of use of the SureStatus for SARS-CoV-2.

Modeling the Transitional Kinematics Between Variable-Incline Walking and Stair Climbing.

Although emerging powered prostheses can enable people with lower-limb amputation to walk and climb stairs over different task conditions (e.g., speeds and inclines), the control architecture typically uses a finite-state machine to switch between activity-specific controllers.

Features Found in Indocyanine Green-Based Fluorescence Optical Imaging of Inflammatory Diseases of the Hands.

Rheumatologists in Europe and the USA increasingly rely on fluorescence optical imaging (FOI, Xiralite) for the diagnosis of inflammatory diseases. Those include rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and osteoarthritis, among others. Indocyanine green (ICG)-based FOI allows visualization of impaired microcirculation caused by inflammation in both hands in one examination.

Location and allocation: Inequity of access to liver transplantation for patients with severe acute-on-chronic liver failure in Europe.

There is growing evidence that liver transplantation (LT) is the most effective treatment for acute-on-chronic liver failure grade-3 (ACLF-3). This study examines whether and how this evidence translates into practice by analyzing the variability in intensive care unit (ICU) admissions, listing strategies, and LT activity for patients with ACLF-3 across transplantation centers in Europe. Consecutive patients who were admitted to the ICU with ACLF-3, whether or not they were listed and/or transplanted with ACLF-3, between 2018 and 2019 were included across 20 transplantation centers.

The development of ultra-high field MRI guidance technology for neuronavigation.

Objective: Magnetic resonance imaging at 7T offers improved image spatial and contrast resolution for visualization of small brain nuclei targeted in neuromodulation. However, greater image geometric distortion and a lack of compatible instrumentation preclude implementation. In this report, the authors detail the development of a stereotactic image localizer and accompanying imaging sequences designed to mitigate geometric distortion, enabling accurate image registration and surgical planning of basal ganglia nuclei.

Accuracy and ease-of-use of seven point-of-care SARS-CoV-2 antigen-detecting tests: A multi-centre clinical evaluation.

Background: Antigen-detecting rapid diagnostic tests (Ag-RDTs) for SARS-CoV-2 are important diagnostic tools. We assessed clinical performance and ease-of-use of seven Ag-RDTs in a prospective, manufacturer-independent, multi-centre cross-sectional diagnostic accuracy study to inform global decision makers.

Methods: Unvaccinated participants suspected of a first SARS-CoV-2 infection were recruited at six sites (Germany, Brazil).

Molecular Surveillance of Carbapenem-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria in Liver Transplant Candidates.

Carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (CRGN) cause life-threatening infections due to limited antimicrobial treatment options. The occurrence of CRGN is often linked to hospitalization and antimicrobial treatment but remains incompletely understood. CRGN are common in patients with severe illness (e.

Relationship of particle density and organic content in sieve fractions of road-deposited sediments from varying traffic sites based on a novel data set.

Pollutants (e.g. heavy metals) are to a large extent bound to particles in runoff from traffic areas.

Self-disclosure is associated with adrenocortical attunement between new acquaintances.

Adrenocortical attunement-similarity in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity-has been well-documented in close relationships (e.g., between romantic partners, parents and children, and close friends).

Efficacy of exercise-based interventions in preventing falls among community-dwelling older persons with cognitive impairment: is there enough evidence? An updated systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: Exercise prevents falls in the general older population, but evidence is inconclusive for older adults living with cognitive impairment. We performed an updated systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the potential effectiveness of interventions for reducing falls in older persons with cognitive impairment.

Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus, CENTRAL and PEDro were searched from inception to 10 November 2020.

Emergence of carbapenem-resistant ST131 carrying in Germany, 2019 to 2020.

The dissemination of carbapenem-producing Gram-negative bacteria is a major public health concern. We report the first detection of OXA-244-producing ST131 O16:H5 in three patients from two tertiary hospitals in the south-west of Germany. OXA-244 is emerging in Europe.