A Review and Comparative Analysis of Transoral Surgical Treatment versus Conservative Management in Early-Stage Oropharyngeal Cancer.

Introduction: Oropharyngeal cancer requires a comprehensive evaluation of treatment options, including surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. It is crucial to customize these treatments based on the stage of the tumor and the overall health of the patient, enabling personalized or combined approaches. Transoral surgical techniques have regained popularity due to the advancements and limitations of non-surgical strategies.

Predictive Factors for Difficult Laparoscopic Cholecystectomies in Acute Cholecystitis.

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is the gold standard treatment in acute cholecystitis. However, one in six cases is expected to be difficult due to intense inflammation and suspected adherence to and involvement of adjacent important structures, which may predispose patients to higher risk of vascular and biliary injuries. In this study, we aimed to identify the preoperative parameters with predictive value for surgical difficulties.

The Value of White Cell Inflammatory Biomarkers as Potential Predictors for Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM).

The pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy is still challenging, with recent evidence proving the key role of inflammation in the damage of the retinal neurovascular unit. This study aims to investigate the predictive value of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte (PLR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), and systemic inflammation index (SII) for diabetic retinopathy (DR) and its severity. We performed a retrospective study on 129 T2DM patients, divided into three groups: without retinopathy (NDR), non-proliferative DR (NPDR), and proliferative DR (PDR).

Transabdominal Preperitoneal Versus Lichtenstein Procedure for Inguinal Hernia Repair in Adults: A Comparative Evaluation of the Early Postoperative Pain and Outcomes.

Inguinal hernia repairs are one of the most common procedures in general surgery. In addition to classical open surgery, laparoscopic techniques, such as transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) and total extraperitoneal (TEP) hernia repair, have gained acceptance and are increasingly used for inguinal hernia repairs, and these three techniques are the only standards for inguinal hernia repairs. This study aimed to compare the results of inguinal hernia repairs in adult patients using the TAPP patch technique and Lichtenstein techniques regarding the level of pain perceived one day after surgery and the number of days of hospitalization.

Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis in Diabetic Retinopathy-Current Knowledge and Future Therapeutic Targets.

Diabetic retinopathy is one of the major causes of blindness today, despite important achievements in diagnosis and therapy. The involvement of a gut-retina axis is thought to be a possible risk factor for several chronic eye disease, such as glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, uveitis, and, recently, diabetic retinopathy. Dysbiosis may cause endothelial disfunction and alter retinal metabolism.

Safety and Outcomes of Intravitreal Aflibercept in Diabetic Macular Edema - A Systematic Review.

Background: Recent evidence on the role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the pathogenesis of ischemia and microvascular hyperpermeability leading to macular edema has brought anti-VEGF intravitreal therapy into the limelight.

Objective: We performed a systematic literature review focusing on the outcomes and safety of the intravitreal use of aflibercept in diabetic macular edema.

Methods: The studies documented cases with at least three consecutive intravitreal injections of aflibercept (IVA) repeated monthly with a follow-up period of at least one year.

Serum levels of copper and zinc in diabetic retinopathy: Potential new therapeutic targets (Review).

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a microvascular disorder occurring due to the long-term effects of diabetes, leading to vision-threatening damage to the retina. The human body has an elaborate system for managing and regulating the number of key trace metals circulating in the blood and stored cells. Inadequate zinc (Zn) and concurrent excess of copper (Cu) levels are associated with an increased level of oxidative stress, which may aggravate the microvascular lesions in diabetes mellitus.

Systematic review of the role of indocyanine green near-infrared fluorescence in safe laparoscopic cholecystectomy (Review).

With the widespread introduction of laparoscopic cholecystectomy, the incidence of iatrogenic main bile duct lesions has significantly increased, with incidences ranging from 0.2 to 1.5% according to current studies.

Acute Mesenteric Ischemia in COVID-19 Patients.

Acute mesenteric ischemia is a rare but extremely severe complication of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The present review aims to document the clinical, laboratory, and imaging findings, management, and outcomes of acute intestinal ischemia in COVID-19 patients. A comprehensive search was performed on PubMed and Web of Science with the terms "COVID-19" and "bowel ischemia" OR "intestinal ischemia" OR "mesenteric ischemia" OR "mesenteric thrombosis".

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors in breast cancer (Review).

Anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeted therapy has been intensely researched in the last years, motivated by the favorable results obtained with monoclonal antibodies in HER2-enriched breast cancer (BC) patients. Most researched alternatives of anti-EGFR agents were tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and monoclonal antibodies. However, excluding monoclonal antibodies trastuzumab and pertuzumab, the remaining anti-EGFR molecules have exhibited disappointing results, due to the lack of specificity and frequent adverse side effects.

Impact of modern personalized treatment of breast cancer on surgical attitude and outcomes.

Multimodal treatment of breast cancer has made steady progress in recent years. The involvement of modern oncology, diagnostic imaging techniques and surgical treatment, have brought a definite benefit to patients, defining the multidisciplinary treatment of breast cancer. The introduction of immunohistochemical testing and genetic screening has led to the prioritization of therapy according to their results and a correct approach to initiating treatment.

Role of in the triggering and evolution of hemorrhagic gastro-duodenal lesions.

The majority of studies concerning () are oriented towards the implication of infection with in processes that end in the formation of neoplasia, without assessing the impact of the bacterium in triggering acute gastroduodenal hemorrhagic episodes. The present study includes 166 patients with upper digestive hemorrhage, admitted to the ATI Clinic, the Gastroenterology Clinic or to the Surgery II Clinic of the County Emergency Clinical Hospital in Craiova, Romania between 2017 and 2019. All patients were monitored for evolution and received treatment according to current guidelines, and hemorrhagic lesions were biopsied.

Outcomes of Diabetic Retinopathy Post-Bariatric Surgery in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Bariatric surgery is an emerging therapeutic approach for obese type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, with proven benefits for achieving target glucose control and even remission of diabetes. However, the effect of bariatric surgery upon diabetic retinopathy is still a subject of debate as some studies show a positive effect while others raise concerns about potential early worsening effects. We performed a systematic review, on PubMed, Science Direct, and Web of Science databases regarding the onset and progression of diabetic retinopathy in obese T2DM patients who underwent weight-loss surgical procedures.

Optimization of a GF-AAS method for lead testing in blood and urine: A useful tool in acute abdominal pain management in emergency.

Suspicion of lead poisoning is confirmed by its concentration in blood and protoporphyrin red blood cells. At low concentrations, lead influences the synthesis of the heme in the sense of lowering it. Acute and chronic lead intoxication is extremely polymorphic in regards to its clinical manifestations, with digestive, hematological, cardiovascular, renal hepatic and neurological features.

The effects of Zinc on human body, including on renal failure and renal transplantation.

Zinc (Zn) is an important element in human body and in the last period of time there were a lot of studies regarding its importance. It is significant for the good working of many organs. A special attention was given to the importance of the serum Zn in patients with renal failure.

[The evolution of ocular refraction after laser excimer surgery--PRK and LASEK techniques].

The purpose of the refractive surgery is to diminish the refractive errors and to obtain a better visual acuity without correction. The study presents the evolution of the refraction after two methods of excimer laser refractive surgery (PRK and LASEK). The results show that these surgical methods are safe and predictable when there are correct indications and well performed interventions.

[Complication of excimer laser refractive surgery].

The success of the refractive surgery depends of the absence of the incidents during and after the surgery. Any complication can compromise more or less the result of the intervention and make it inefficient or even injurious.

[How to select patients for excimer laser refractive surgery].

The first very important step for the refractive surgery is the selection of the patients, because there are situations when the surgery for reducing the diopters can produce complications which are difficult to solve. The investigation of the patients who come for a refractive surgery has many steps and each step has his importance.

[Cryotherapy in ophthalmology].

This article is a general view of cryotherapy and its clinical applications in ophthalmology. The method of cryotherapy is used less after LASER therapy and EEC appearance in ophthalmology but remains a unique method in treatment of some disease and a very valuable choice to the modern techniques.

[Acute posterior or multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy].

The paper presents a clinical case of Acute Posterior Multifocal Placoid Pigment Epitheliopathy and the specific diagnosis problems of this case. Being a less frequent disease the common aspects are emphasized as well as the latest concepts about this syndrome.

Computerized electroencephalographic, polysomnographic, transcranial ultrasound and morphopathological research in vertebro-basilar strokes.

This paper contains a clinical, classical electroencephalographic and computerized electroencephalographic (by original methods) study of 271 cases with vertebro-basilar strokes, all the cases being verified by transcranial Doppler ultrasound investigations and some of the patients by morphopathological studies. In the first part, the standard EEG modifications in relation with the clinical pictures and with the affected arterial field are presented. In the second part, the aspects of the computerized EEG recordings with the carrying out of the cortical EEG mappings which have brought important contributions in setting down the topography of the infarctions are discussed.