Aspects of Applied Chemistry Related to Future Goals of Safety and Efficiency in Materials Development for Nuclear Energy.

The present paper is a narrative review focused on a few important aspects and moments of trends surrounding materials and methods in sustainable nuclear energy, as an expression of applied chemistry support for more efficiency and safety. In such context, the paper is focused firstly on increasing alloy performance by modifying compositions, and elaborating and testing novel coatings on Zr alloys and stainless steel. For future generation reactor systems, the paper proposes high entropy alloys presenting their composition selection and irradiation damage.

Perianeurysmal parenchymal cysts - Case series and literature review.

•Intracranial cysts are associated with a number of vascular lesions.•They predominantly occur in larger, partially-thrombosed aneurysms and in older patients.•There is a trend towards enlargement over time if untreated and a likelihood of recurrence following treatment.

Corrosion Testing of CrN-Coated 310 H Stainless Steel under Simulated Supercritical Water Conditions.

The paper's aim is the assessment of corrosion behaviour of a CrN-coated 310 H stainless steel under simulated supercritical water conditions (550 °C and 25 MPa) for up to 2160 h. The CrN coating was obtained by the thermionic vacuum arc (TVA) method. The oxides grown on this coating were characterized using metallographic and gravimetric analysis, SEM with EDS, and grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD).

History, Variations, and Extensions of the Retrosigmoid Approach: Anatomical and Literature Review.

The retrosigmoid approach is the workhorse for posterior fossa surgery. It gives a versatile corridor to tackle different types of lesions in and around the cerebellopontine angle. The term "extended" has been used interchangeably in the literature, sometimes creating confusion.

Mathematical Modeling of Release Kinetics from Supramolecular Drug Delivery Systems.

Embedding of active substances in supramolecular systems has as the main goal to ensure the controlled release of the active ingredients. Whatever the final architecture or entrapment mechanism, modeling of release is challenging due to the moving boundary conditions and complex initial conditions. Despite huge diversity of formulations, diffusion phenomena are involved in practically all release processes.

Mathematical Models as Tools to Predict the Release Kinetic of Fluorescein from Lyotropic Colloidal Liquid Crystals.

In this study, we investigated the release kinetic of fluorescein from colloidal liquid crystals made from monoglyceride and different non-ionic surfactants. The crystals were physicochemically characterized and the release experiments were carried out under the sink conditions, while mathematical models were described as extrapolations from solutions of the diffusion equation, in different initial and boundary conditions imposed by pharmaceutical formulations. The diffusion equation was solved using Laplace and Fourier transformed functions for release kinetics from infinite reservoirs in a semi-infinite medium.

Bioavailability of Quercetin in Humans with a Focus on Interindividual Variation.

After consumption of plant-derived foods or beverages, dietary polyphenols such as quercetin are absorbed in the small intestine and metabolized by the body, or they are subject to catabolism by the gut microbiota followed by absorption of the resulting products by the colon. The resulting compounds are bioavailable, circulate in the blood as conjugates with glucuronide, methyl, or sulfate groups attached, and they are eventually excreted in the urine. In this review, the various conjugates from different intervention studies are summarized and discussed.

Case-Mix Adjustment of the Bereaved Family Survey.

Surveys of bereaved family members are increasingly being used to evaluate end-of-life (EOL) care and to measure organizational performance in EOL care quality. The Bereaved Family Survey (BFS) is used to monitor EOL care quality and benchmark performance in the Veterans Affairs (VA) health-care system. The objective of this study was to develop a case-mix adjustment model for the BFS and to examine changes in facility-level scores following adjustment, in order to provide fair comparisons across facilities.

Problems in the Diagnosis of Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome in Children.

The cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) is an infrequent condition in pediatric practice, in which recurrent vomiting episodes are followed by asymptomatic periods. The authors report the case of an 8-year and 2-month old child who had been hospitalized on several occasions for persistent vomiting accompanied by nausea, and periumbilical and epigastric abdominal pain. The child's anamnesis and clinical examination determined the doctors to suspect aCVS, which was later confirmed due toruling out all of the differential diagnoses: infectious, drug-related or surgical causes.

Anticancer activity of all-trans retinoic acid-loaded liposomes on human thyroid carcinoma cells.

All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is an anti-tumor compound, exerting different anti-cancer effects on different types of cancer cells. Unfortunately, retinoids are also characterized by certain side effects following systemic administration, such as the burning of skin and general malaise. The highly variable degree of bioavailability of ATRA plus its tendency to induce its own destruction through metabolic degradation following oral treatment necessitate the development of alternative formulations.

Electrophysiological/sonographic mapping of the superficial peroneal nerve to facilitate biopsy under local anaesthesia.

The anatomical surface markings for the superficial peroneal nerve have been described and it may be preferred for biopsy in cases of suspected vasculitis as biopsy of the peroneus brevis muscle increases diagnostic yield. The procedure is however unfamiliar to many surgeons and the anatomical variability of the subcutaneous part underestimated. Where the nerve has some preserved sensory nerve action potential it may be mapped pre-operatively, greatly facilitating minimally traumatic biopsy with potential logistical and wound healing advantages.

Sustainability of physical activity promoting environments and influences on sustainability following a structural intervention in residential children's homes.

Research examining sustainability of health promotion programs within organizational settings is limited. The Environmental Interventions in Residential Children's Homes (ENRICH) was a structural intervention that trained Wellness Teams (WTs) within residential children's homes (RCH) to target environmental changes that promote physical activity (PA) among residential youth. This study examines the sustainability of PA promoting environments and influences on sustainability within RCHs.

The impact of respiratory tract infections on the nutritional state of children with cystic fibrosis.

Unlabelled: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a life-shortening, autosomal-recessive disorder characterized by intestinal malabsorption, impaired growth and lung disease. Recurrent pulmonary infections in children with CF are often associated with nutritional deficiencies.

Aim: To emphasize the effects of recurrent pulmonary infections on nutritional status in children with CF.

Spontaneous pneumothorax in a case of pulmonary langerhans cell histiocytosis.

Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare disease involving clonal proliferation of Langerhans cells, abnormal cells deriving from bone marrow and capable of migrating from skin to lymph nodes. Clinically, its manifestations range from isolated bone lesions to multisystem disease. The authors present the case of 37 years old male, first diagnosed with Pulmonary LCH (PLCH) 9 years before current admission in thoracic surgery department, with left recurrent pneumothorax.

[Splenic angioembolization--a safe, efficient and rational approach].

The authors present a case of postraumatic splenic rupture grade III (AAST-OIS), with injury severity score 10, revised trauma score 7841 managed nonoperatively, by angioembolization, with successful outcome. The indications and different types of splenic angioembolization in trauma are discussed, together with the role of this procedure in increasing the success rate of nonoperative management. Up to our knowledge, this is the first reported case of therapeutic splenic angioembolization in the Romanian medical literature.

Giant laterocervical fibrosarcom.

Soft tissue sarcomas are rare tumors representing 1% of all malignancies and less than 10% concerning head and neck tumors. We are presenting the case of a 42-year-old patient that was admitted in our service for a giant laterocervical tumor (15/12/10 cm). We performed total excision of this tumor en bloc with the involved tegument; the resulting defect was covered with a split thick skin graft.

[A giant thoracoabdominal tumor--hereditary multiple exostoses].

Hereditary multiple exostoses (HME), also known as osteochondromatosis, is an inherited, autosomal dominant disorder in which multiple osteochondromas develop throughout the skeleton. We present the case of a 17 years old boy diagnosticated with HME with multiple prior orthopedic interventions for upper and lower limbs deformant osteochondromas. He was admitted in our service for a giant osteochondroma localized at the left thoraco-abdominal border arising from C11, C12 ribs, involving the thoracic postero-bazal wall, the abdominal posterior wall and practically the entire left retroperitoneal space.

A HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of seven anthracyclines.

A HPLC method has been developed for the determination of epirubicin hydrochloride, doxorubicin hydrochloride and idarubicin hydrochloride in the presence of four other anthracyclines. This method ensures the rapid determination of seven anthracyclines. It is simple and rapid and does not require any preliminary treatment of the sample.

Rapid HPLC method for the determination of paclitaxel in pharmaceutical forms without separation.

A HPLC method has been developed for the in-process determination of the paclitaxel from dosage pharmaceutical forms. This method ensures the rapid determination of paclitaxel in the presence of polyoxyl castor oil--the main constituent of paclitaxel's clinical formulation vehicle. The method is simple and rapid and does not require any preliminary treatment of the sample.

A HPLC validated assay of paclitaxel's related impurities in pharmaceutical forms containing Cremophor EL.

A HPLC method has been developed for the determination of the paclitaxel's related impurities in pharmaceutical forms. This method ensures the rapid determination of related impurities in the presence of polyoxyl castor oil--the main constituent of paclitaxel's clinical formulation vehicle. The method is simple and does not require any preliminary treatment of the sample.

Determination of the 5-fluorouracil and N1(2'-furanidyl)uracil in the presence of tegafur by zero-crossing first derivative spectrometry.

A first derivative spectrometric method has been developed for the determination of the 5-fluorouracil and N1(2'-furanidyl)uracil related substances and degradation products of tegafur. The wavelengths selected for the determination of 5-fluorouracil and N1(2'-furanidyl)uracil were 298 and 288 nm, respectively. At this wavelength, the calibration graphs between the amplitude of the signals and the concentration of each compound were linear up to 24.