Carotid artery stenting will replace carotid endarterectomy.

Stroke is the third leading cause of death in the United States. Carotid artery stenosis represents one of the most common etiologies of stroke. The current treatment modalities available for the treatment of carotid artery stenosis are carotid endarterectomy (CEA) and carotid artery stenting (CAS).

The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac sodium attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced alterations to reward behavior and corticosterone release.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been shown to counteract stress hormone and pro-inflammatory cytokine activation. To extend these findings, we tested whether the NSAID diclofenac sodium would attenuate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced reductions in reward behavior. In the first experiment, male, Wistar rats pressed a lever for food reward and subsequently received 10 days treatment of saline (1 ml/kg, s.