Psychological predictors of advanced cancer patients' preferences for return of results from comprehensive tumor genomic profiling.

This study assessed the psychological predictors of preferences for return of comprehensive tumor genomic profiling (CTGP) results in patients with advanced cancers, enrolled in the Molecular Screening and Therapeutics Program. Patients completed a questionnaire prior to undergoing CTGP. Of the 1434 who completed a questionnaire, 96% would like to receive results that can guide treatment for their cancer, and preference for receiving this type of result was associated with lower tolerance of uncertainty.

Automatic quadriceps and patellae segmentation of MRI with cascaded U -Net and SASSNet deep learning model.

Purpose: Automatic muscle segmentation is critical for advancing our understanding of human physiology, biomechanics, and musculoskeletal pathologies, as it allows for timely exploration of large multi-dimensional image sets. Segmentation models are rarely developed/validated for the pediatric model. As such, autosegmentation is not available to explore how muscle architectural changes during development and how disease/pathology affects the developing musculoskeletal system.

A Single-Center Evaluation of Extended Infusion Piperacillin/Tazobactam for Empiric Treatment in the Intensive Care Unit.

Piperacillin/tazobactam (PTZ) extended infusion (EI) is often used empirically in the intensive care unit (ICU). Gram-negative (GN) organisms with PTZ minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) >16/4 µg/mL are considered intermediate or resistant. The objective of this study was to evaluate MICs of GN isolates from the ICU to determine whether the hospital protocol for PTZ 3.

Muscle architecture and shape changes in the gastrocnemii of active younger and older adults.

When muscles contract and change length, they also bulge in thickness and/or width. These shape changes extend the functional range of skeletal muscle by allowing individual muscle fibres to shorten at different velocities than the whole muscle. Age-related differences in muscle architecture and tissue properties influence how older muscles change shape and architecture during contractions, yet this remains unexplored in active older adults.

The Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet is associated with physical function and grip strength in older men and women.

Background: Diet quality may be protective of physical function and muscle strength during aging.

Objectives: We aimed to investigate associations of the Mediterranean-Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet with physical function and grip strength.

Methods: Data were obtained from men and women in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (mean ± SD age: 68 ± 14 y at first diet visit; n = 1358).

Implant brand portfolios, the potential for camouflage of data, and the role of the Orthopaedic Data Evaluation Panel in total knee arthroplasty.

Aims: Knee arthroplasty surgery is a highly effective treatment for arthritis and disorders of the knee. There are a wide variety of implant brands and types of knee arthroplasty available to surgeons. As a result of a number of highly publicized failures, arthroplasty surgery is highly regulated in the UK and many other countries through national registries, introduced to monitor implant performance, surgeons, and hospitals.

Examination of the Allostatic Load Construct and Its Longitudinal Association With Health Outcomes in the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study.

Objective: Despite evidence on allostatic load (AL) as a model explaining associations between stress and disease, there is no consensus on its operationalization. This study aimed to contrast various AL constructs and their longitudinal associations with disease and disability.

Methods: Baseline and 5-year follow-up data from 738 adults participating in the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study were used.

Analgesic use and the risk of renal cell carcinoma - Findings from the Consortium for the Investigation of Renal Malignancies (CONFIRM) study.

Purpose: The incidence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is rising. Use of analgesics such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and paracetamol may affect renal function. The aim of this study was to assess associations between analgesic use and risk of RCC.

Metabolite patterns link diet, obesity, and type 2 diabetes in a Hispanic population.

Introduction: Obesity is a precursor of type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Objectives: Our aim was to identify metabolic signatures of T2D and dietary factors unique to obesity.

Methods: We examined a subsample of the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study (BPRHS) population with a high prevalence of obesity and T2D at baseline (n = 806) and participants (without T2D at baseline) at 5-year follow-up (n = 412).

MIND Diet and Cognitive Function in Puerto Rican Older Adults.

Background: Healthy diets have been associated with better cognitive function. Socioeconomic factors including education, poverty, and job complexity may modify the relationship between diet and cognition.

Methods: We used adjusted linear mixed models to examine the association between long-term adherence to the Mediterranean-Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension - Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet and cognitive function over 8 years of follow-up in Puerto Rican adults residing in the Boston, MA area (aged 45-75 years at baseline).

Prospective Study of Plant-Based Dietary Patterns and Diabetes in Puerto Rican Adults.

Background: Vegetarian-type dietary patterns have been associated with reducing the risk of developing diabetes and may function as an effective strategy for diabetes management.

Objectives: We aimed to examine the associations between adherence to plant-based diet indices and the risk of developing diabetes in the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study.

Methods: Puerto Rican adults (n = 646), aged 45-75 y and free of diabetes at baseline, were included.

Sufficient Plasma Vitamin C Is Related to Greater Bone Mineral Density among Postmenopausal Women from the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study.

Background: Vitamin C may benefit bone as an antioxidant.

Objectives: This cross-sectional study evaluated associations between dietary, supplemental, and plasma vitamin C with bone mineral density (BMD) among Puerto Rican adults.

Methods: Diet was assessed by food-frequency questionnaire (n = 902); plasma vitamin C, measured in fasting blood (n = 809), was categorized as sufficient (≥50 μmol/L), insufficient (20-49 μmol/L), or low (<20 μmol/L).

Changes to management of hypertension in pregnancy, and attitudes to self-management: An online survey of obstetricians, before and following the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective: This study aimed to understand the views and practice of obstetricians regarding self-monitoring for hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (blood pressure (BP) and proteinuria), the potential for self-management (including actions taken on self-monitored parameters) and to understand the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on such views.

Design: Cross-sectional online survey pre- and post- the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Setting And Sample: UK obstetricians recruited via an online portal.

Lower dietary intake of magnesium is associated with more callous-unemotional traits in children.

Background: Although researchers increasingly recognize the role of nutrition in mental health, little research has examined specific micronutrient intake in relation to antisocial behavior and callous-unemotional (CU) traits in children. Vitamin B and magnesium are involved in neurochemical processes implicated in modulating antisocial behavior and CU traits. The current study examined dietary intakes of magnesium and vitamin B in relation to antisocial behavior and CU traits.

Targeted Ablation of Primary Cilia in Differentiated Dopaminergic Neurons Reduces Striatal Dopamine and Responsiveness to Metabolic Stress.

Primary cilia (PC) are microtubule-based protrusions of the cell membrane transducing molecular signals during brain development. Here, we report that PC are required for maintenance of Substantia nigra (SN) dopaminergic (DA) neurons highly vulnerable in Parkinson's disease (PD). Targeted blockage of ciliogenesis in differentiated DA neurons impaired striato-nigral integrity in adult mice.

Associations between dietary fatty acid patterns and cognitive function in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos.

Our objective was to quantify the cross-sectional associations between dietary fatty acid (DFA) patterns and cognitive function among Hispanic/Latino adults. This study included data from 8942 participants of the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos, a population-based cohort study (weighted age 56·2 years and proportion female 55·2 %). The National Cancer Institute method was used to estimate dietary intake from two 24-h recalls.

The design, implementation, and effectiveness of intervention strategies aimed at improving genetic referral practices: a systematic review of the literature.

Purpose: Despite rapid advancements in genetics and genomics, referral practices remain suboptimal. This systematic review assesses the extent to which approaches from implementation science have been applied to address suboptimal genetic referral practices.

Methods: A search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PsycINFO generated 7,794 articles, of which 28 were included.

CN-105 in Participants with Acute Supratentorial Intracerebral Hemorrhage (CATCH) Trial.

Background: Endogenous apolipoprotein (apo) E mediates neuroinflammatory responses and recovery after brain injury. Exogenously administered apoE-mimetic peptides effectively penetrate the central nervous system compartment and downregulate acute inflammation. CN-105 is a novel apoE-mimetic pentapeptide with excellent evidence of functional and histological improvement in preclinical models of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH).

Associations of network-derived metabolite clusters with prevalent type 2 diabetes among adults of Puerto Rican descent.

Introduction: We investigated whether network analysis revealed clusters of coregulated metabolites associated with prevalent type 2 diabetes (T2D) among Puerto Rican adults.

Research Design And Methods: We used liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to measure fasting plasma metabolites (>600) among participants aged 40-75 years in the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study (BPRHS; discovery) and San Juan Overweight Adult Longitudinal Study (SOALS; replication), with (n=357; n=77) and without (n=322; n=934) T2D, respectively. Among BPRHS participants, we used unsupervised partial correlation network-based methods to identify and calculate metabolite cluster scores.

Significant detection of new germline pathogenic variants in Australian Pancreatic Cancer Screening Program participants.

Background: The Australian Pancreatic Cancer Screening Program (APCSP) offers endoscopic ultrasound surveillance for individuals at increased risk of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) with all participants requiring assessment by a Familial Cancer Service before or after study enrolment.

Methods: Individuals aged 40-80 years (or 10 years younger than the earliest PDAC diagnosis) were eligible for APCSP study entry if they had 1) ≥ two blood relatives with PDAC (at least one of first-degree association); 2) a clinical or genetic diagnosis of Hereditary Pancreatitis or Peutz-Jeghers syndrome irrespective of PDAC family history; or 3) a known PDAC predisposition germline pathogenic variant (BRCA2, PALB2, CDKN2A, or Lynch syndrome) with ≥one PDAC-affected first- or second-degree relative. Retrospective medical record review was conducted for APCSP participants enrolled at the participating Australian hospitals from January 2011 to December 2019.

Identification and Immune Assessment of T Cell Epitopes in Five Blood Stage Antigens to Facilitate Vaccine Candidate Selection and Optimization.

The hurdles to effective blood stage malaria vaccine design include immune evasion tactics used by the parasite such as redundant invasion pathways and antigen variation among circulating parasite strains. While blood stage malaria vaccine development primarily focuses on eliciting optimal humoral responses capable of blocking erythrocyte invasion, clinically-tested (Pf) vaccines have not elicited sterile protection, in part due to the dramatically high levels of antibody needed. Recent development efforts with non-redundant, conserved blood stage antigens suggest both high antibody titer and rapid antibody binding kinetics are important efficacy factors.

Skin Tone, Discrimination, and Allostatic Load in Middle-Aged and Older Puerto Ricans.

Objective: A growing body of research suggests that skin tone may be a health risk indicator for Hispanics. Black and darker-skinned Hispanics have worse mental and physical outcomes than White and lighter-skinned Hispanics. Discrimination exposure has been implicated as a risk factor that may explain the association between skin tone and health.