Nanopore Decoding with Speed and Versatility for Data Storage.

Motivation: As nanopore technology reaches ever higher throughput and accuracy, it becomes an increasingly viable candidate for reading out DNA data storage. Nanopore sequencing offers considerable flexibility by allowing long reads, real-time signal analysis, and the ability to read both DNA and RNA. We need flexible and efficient designs that match nanopore's capabilities, but relatively few designs have been explored and many have significant inefficiency in read density, error rate, or compute time.

A primordial DNA store and compute engine.

Any modern information system is expected to feature a set of primordial features and functions: a substrate stably carrying data; the ability to repeatedly write, read, erase, reload and compute on specific data from that substrate; and the overall ability to execute such functions in a seamless and programmable manner. For nascent molecular information technologies, proof-of-principle realization of this set of primordial capabilities would advance the vision for their continued development. Here we present a DNA-based store and compute engine that captures these primordial capabilities.

Reduced risk for Omicron SARS-CoV-2 infection observed in older adults with hybrid immunity.

Background: Hybrid SARS-CoV-2 immunity may provide longer duration protection against severe SARS-CoV-2 infection and hospitalisation than purely vaccine-derived immunity. Older adults represent a high-risk group for severe disease, yet available data is skewed towards younger adults.

Methods: A prospective longitudinal study at a large London long-term care facility (LTCF) was conducted from March 2020 to April 2022 to assess the effect of hybrid versus vaccine-only immunity on SARS-CoV-2 infection in older adults during Omicron variant dominance.

Deep enteroscopy - what's new and what works best?

Purpose Of Review: We aim to review the types of device-assisted deep enteroscopy endoscopes, tips for a successful procedure as well as areas for improvement.

Recent Findings: Deep enteroscopy allows for diagnostic and therapeutic intervention of the small bowel and can be used as an adjunct to video capsule endoscopy to improve the yield and management of small bowel lesions.

Summary: Our top tips for deep enteroscopy success include reviewing patient history and prior imaging, utilizing CO 2 insufflation or water exchange, verifying quality measures and emphasizing ergonomics.

Designing of an extract production protocol for industrial application of cell-free protein synthesis technology: Building from a current best practice to a quality by design approach.

Cell-Free Protein Synthesis (CFPS) has, over the past decade, seen a substantial increase in interest from both academia and industry. Applications range from fundamental research, through high-throughput screening to niche manufacture of therapeutic products. This review/perspective focuses on Quality Control in CFPS.

Baseline Clinical Factors Are Associated With Risk of Complications in Crohn's Disease: Appraisal of the American Gastroenterological Association Clinical Care Pathway.

Introduction: The American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) has compiled risk factors that may be predictive of disease complications in Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of the AGA risk factors for risk stratification in UC and CD.

Methods: We included participants of 2 cohorts: the Ocean State Crohn's and Colitis Area Registry cohort and the Mayo Clinic cohort.

FrameD: framework for DNA-based data storage design, verification, and validation.

Motivation: DNA-based data storage is a quickly growing field that hopes to harness the massive theoretical information density of DNA molecules to produce a competitive next-generation storage medium suitable for archival data. In recent years, many DNA-based storage system designs have been proposed. Given that no common infrastructure exists for simulating these storage systems, comparing many different designs along with many different error models is increasingly difficult.

Synthetic Strategies toward Lysergic Acid Diethylamide: Ergoline Synthesis via α-Arylation, Borrowing Hydrogen Alkylation, and C-H Insertion.

Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), a semisynthetic ergoline alkaloid analogue and hallucinogen, is a potent psychoplastogen with promising therapeutic potential. While a variety of synthetic strategies for accessing ergoline alkaloids have emerged, the complexity of the tetracyclic ring system results in distinct challenges in preparing analogues with novel substitution patterns. Methods of modulating the hallucinogenic activity of LSD by functionalization at previously inaccessible positions are of continued interest, and efficient syntheses of the ergoline scaffold are integral toward this purpose.

Scrotal kidney: a gross case of "nephroptosis".

We radiologically illustrate a case of nephroptosis in an 82-year-old male whose right kidney had progressively descended into the right hemiscrotum. This was detected upon a recent visit to the accident and emergency department (A&E) where a computed tomography (CT) scan demonstrated the right kidney within the scrotum with a degree of hydronephrosis yet a stable renal function. The patient was managed conservatively as per the multidisciplinary team (MDT) meeting advice.

Effects of Cervical Spine Exercise Protocol on Neck Pain, Pericervical Muscle Endurance, and Range of Motion in Medical Students: A Prospective Study.

Introduction Neck pain is a common and debilitating ailment that places a significant burden on the healthcare system. No practical protocols have been published utilizing a portable, commercially available, and affordable device that significantly reduces acute and chronic neck pain. Methods Forty-six young adults with or without mild-to-moderate neck pain completed a six-week neck stretching and strengthening protocol with a portable cervical stretching and strengthening device.

Matrix-Induced Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation (MACI) is Largely Effective and Provides Significant Improvement in Patients With Symptomatic, Large Chondral Defects: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to perform a meta-analysis for long-term patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures in Matrix-induced Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation (MACI) patients using the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) model.

Materials And Methods: A literature search under the PubMed/Medline and Embase databases was conducted. Statistical significance was determined between the mean pre- and postoperative scores at each time point (1-, 2-, and 5-years).

A Case of Recurrent Compartment Syndrome with Concomitant Use of Eliquis.

. Acute compartment syndrome (ACS) occurs secondary to increasing pressure within a fascial compartment that exceeds perfusion pressure. This can be caused by spontaneous hematomas, which can be secondary to prolonged anticoagulation therapy.

Calculated oxidation potentials predict reactivity in Baeyer-Mills reactions.

Azobenzenes are widely used as dyes and photochromic compounds, with the Baeyer-Mills reaction serving as the most common method for their preparation. This transformation is often plagued by low yields due to the formation of undesired azoxybenzene. Here, we explore electronic effects dictating the formation of the azoxybenzene side-product.

Promiscuous molecules for smarter file operations in DNA-based data storage.

DNA holds significant promise as a data storage medium due to its density, longevity, and resource and energy conservation. These advantages arise from the inherent biomolecular structure of DNA which differentiates it from conventional storage media. The unique molecular architecture of DNA storage also prompts important discussions on how data should be organized, accessed, and manipulated and what practical functionalities may be possible.

A Modular Approach to Arylazo-1,2,3-triazole Photoswitches.

Azoheteroarenes make up an emerging class of photoswitchable compounds with unique photophysical properties and advantages over traditional azobenzenes. Therefore, methods for synthesizing azoheteroarenes are highly desirable. Here, we utilize azide-alkyne click chemistry to access arylazo-1,2,3-triazoles, a previously unexplored class of azoheteroarenes that exhibit high thermal stabilities and near-quantitative bidirectional photoconversion.

DNA stability: a central design consideration for DNA data storage systems.

Data storage in DNA is a rapidly evolving technology that could be a transformative solution for the rising energy, materials, and space needs of modern information storage. Given that the information medium is DNA itself, its stability under different storage and processing conditions will fundamentally impact and constrain design considerations and data system capabilities. Here we analyze the storage conditions, molecular mechanisms, and stabilization strategies influencing DNA stability and pose specific design configurations and scenarios for future systems that best leverage the considerable advantages of DNA storage.

Role of complementary Ct chest in patients presenting with acute abdominal symptoms during covid-19 pandemic: a UK experience.

Background: In March 2020, the UK Intercollegiate General Surgery Guidance on COVID-19 recommended that patients undergoing emergency abdominal CT should have a complementary CT chest for COVID-19 screening.

Purpose: To establish if complementary CT chest was performed as recommended, and if CT chest influenced surgical intervention decision. To assess detection rate of COVID-19 on CT and its correlation with RT-PCR swab results.

Dynamic and scalable DNA-based information storage.

The physical architectures of information storage systems often dictate how information is encoded, databases are organized, and files are accessed. Here we show that a simple architecture comprised of a T7 promoter and a single-stranded overhang domain (ss-dsDNA), can unlock dynamic DNA-based information storage with powerful capabilities and advantages. The overhang provides a physical address for accessing specific DNA strands as well as implementing a range of in-storage file operations.

A Redox Isomerization Strategy for Accessing Modular Azobenzene Photoswitches with Near Quantitative Bidirectional Photoconversion.

Photoswitches capable of accessing two geometric states are highly desirable, especially if their design is modular and incorporates a pharmacophore tethering site. We describe a redox isomerization strategy for synthesizing -formylazobenzenes from -nitrobenzyl alcohol. The resulting azo-aldehydes can be readily converted to photoswitchable compounds with excellent photophysical properties using simple hydrazide click chemistry.

Driving the Scalability of DNA-Based Information Storage Systems.

The extreme density of DNA presents a compelling advantage over current storage media; however, to reach practical capacities, new systems for organizing and accessing information are needed. Here, we use chemical handles to selectively extract unique files from a complex database of DNA mimicking 5 TB of data and design and implement a nested file address system that increases the theoretical maximum capacity of DNA storage systems by five orders of magnitude. These advancements enable the development and future scaling of DNA-based data storage systems with modern capacities and file access capabilities.

Femoral Nerve Palsy With Concomitant Patellar Dislocation in a Ballet Dancer.

Femoral nerve palsy with concomitant patellar dislocation is a rare clinical entity that has not previously been well documented. The authors present the case of a 16-year-old female ballet dancer who sustained a patellar dislocation with concomitant femoral nerve palsy. She experienced muscle weakness after the initial injury and developed neuropathic symptoms through the anterior left thigh.

An outbreak of Shigella boydii serotype 20 in January 2015 amongst United Kingdom healthcare workers involved in the Ebola response in Sierra Leone.

In January 2015, Public Health England and the United Kingdom (UK) Ministry of Defence investigated cases of diarrhoea and fever in military personnel recently returned to the UK after supporting the response to the Ebola epidemic in Sierra Leone. Tests for Ebola virus infection were negative. PCR tests detected the ipaH gene in 10/12 faecal specimens, and Shigella boydii serotype 20 was isolated from 7 patients.

Nursing wound care practices in Haiti: facilitators and barriers to quality care.

Aim: To describe the facilitators and barriers for nurses to perform quality wound care in three surgical wards of a hospital in Port-au-Prince, Haiti.

Background: Up to a quarter of patients in low- and middle-income countries may acquire at least one infection while hospitalized. There is a paucity of research investigating nursing wound care practices in low- and middle-income countries regarding the prevention of hospital-acquired infections.