Pathoanatomy and pathomechanics of pertrochanteric fractures - an MRI study.

Background And Study Aims: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been used for more than 20 years in the region of the proximal femur to diagnose occult, or incomplete, fractures of the femoral neck and the trochanteric segment. MRI has also potential to contribute to the understanding of the pathogenesis and pathoanatomy of trochanteric fractures.

Methods: The group including 13 patients was examined by MRI for a suspected, or incomplete, fracture of the trochanteric segment within 24 hours post-injury.

Muscular branches from the ulnar artery are the basis for a pedicled partial flexor digitorum superficialis muscle flap.

The feasibility of a pedicled flexor digitorum superficialis muscle flap was studied in 10 fresh cadavers. The number, length and distance from the flexion wrist crease of muscular branches from the ulnar artery in the distal 10 cm of the forearm were recorded. The mean number of muscular branches was 2.

Bosworth ankle fracture-dislocation: current concept review.

Bosworth fracture (BF) is a special type of locked ankle fracture-dislocation, characterized by displacement of a fragment of the fractured fibula from the fibular notch behind the posterior surface of the distal tibia. BF is a complex injury affecting multiple structures of the ankle joint, which is still frequently misjudged even today, potentially leading to severe complications. CT examination, including 3D reconstructions, should be the diagnostic standard in BF, as it provides a complete picture of the fracture pathoanatomy, most prominently the morphology of the frequently associated posterior malleolar fracture.

SARS-CoV-2 wastewater surveillance in the Czech Republic: Spatial and temporal differences in SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentrations and relationship to clinical data and wastewater parameters.

This study presents the results of systematic wastewater monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 RNA and basic wastewater parameters from four different wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in the Czech Republic over the 2020-2022 epidemic. Two-step reverse-transcription quantitative PCR targeting genes encoding the N and Nsp12 proteins was employed to detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA loading in 420 wastewater samples. The results obtained were used to evaluate the potential of wastewater analysis for describing the epidemiological situation in cities of different sizes and determining temporal differences based on the prevailing SARS-CoV-2 variant.

Bosworth ankle dislocation fracture - current concept review.

Bosworth fracture (BF) is a rare, but a severe injury to the ankle, characterized by displacement of a fragment of the fractured fibula (mostly of Weber B type) from the tibiofibular incisure to the posterior surface of the distal tibia. In 70% of cases, it is associated with a fracture of the posterior malleolus. This injury is not quite well known, with only 175 cases described in the literature to date.

Injury to the posterior malleolus in Maisonneuve fractures.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to describe the incidence and a complex pathoanatomy of posterior malleolus fractures in a Maisonneuve fracture.

Methods: The study included 100 prospectively collected patients with a complete clinical and radiological documentation of an ankle fracture or fracture-dislocation including a fracture of the proximal quarter of the fibula.

Results: A posterior malleolus fracture was identified in 74 patients, and in 27% of these cases it carried more than one quarter of the fibular notch.

Long-term results of valgus intertrochanteric osteotomy for partial avascular necrosis of the femoral head after femoral neck fracture in adolescents.

Purpose: The study evaluates long-term results in patients treated by valgus intertrochanteric osteotomy (VITO) for partial avascular necrosis of the femoral head (ANFH) after fracture of the femoral neck in adolescent age. Although this method is mentioned in literature frequently, there are only few studies in the literature dealing with it in detail.

Methods: Authors evaluated five patients at the interval of 15 to 20 years following VITO.

Maisonneuve ankle fracture.

Maisonneuve fracture (MF) is defined as an ankle fracture-dislocation associated always with a fracture of the proximal quarter of the fibula and rupture of the anterior and interosseous tibiofibular ligaments. Other injuries are variable. Recent CT studies have demonstrated that MF is a far more complex injury than initially supposed.

Pathoanatomy of pertrochanteric fractures - a postmortem study.

Background: Recent pathoanatomic studies based on 3D CT reconstructions have questioned validity of AO/OTA classification because it does not reflect the reality and requires revision. These 3D CT studies, however, do not allow analysis of all details. Therefore, we have exploited the possibility to analyze the pathoanatomy of pertrochanteric fractures on postmortem specimens.

Occupational diseases arising in the area of the Ministry of Defence in the Czech Republic and their relationship to work categorization.

Objective: The article deals with occupational health protection and identification of health risks in the work environment of the Ministry of Defence (MoD) of the Czech Republic (CR). It focuses on the assessment of the incidence of occupational diseases (OD) in high-risk and risk-free occupational categories in the years 2010-2019 and compares them with data from the civilian sector. It identifies the differences between military staff and civilian employees of the MoD.

Lateral malleolar crest and its clinical importance.

Purpose: During study of anatomy of a fractured posterior malleolus of the ankle on CT scans, the authors noticed a prominent crest on the lateral malleolus, which they termed the lateral malleolar crest (LMC). As, in their view, LMC is a clinically important structure which was only briefly mentioned by a few authors without an official term, they focused on the anatomy of this structure.

Materials And Methods: A total of 352 dry fibulae were analyzed and the following parameters recorded: (F) length of the fibula, (LMC) total length of LMC, (A) length of the part of the examined crest from the superior border of the articular facet of the lateral malleolus (AFLM) to its most proximal intersection with the midline of the fibula, (B) height of the medial triangular rough surface, and (A/F) A/F ratio.

COVID-19 in the Czech Republic 2020 and 2021: comparative analysis of probable work-related transmission of the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2.

Objectives: The aim of the analysis was to determine the probable places of coronavirus transmission in association with the work and compare the situation between 2020 and 2021.

Methods: The work analysed data from the Information System of Infectious Diseases managed by the Institute of Health Information and Statistics of the Czech Republic in the period from March 2020 - December 2021.

Results: 2,483,219 COVID-19 cases were officially confirmed (732,202 during 2020 and 1,338,790 in 2021), from them 140,368 (6%) represented work-related disease, 520,830 cases (21%) work-related contact, and 1,822,021 (73%) out-of-work contact.

Acromioclavicular dislocation associated with scapular fractures - pathoanatomy of the injury.

Introduction: No detailed study dealing with an injury to the AC joint in combination with scapular fractures has been published to date. The aim of this study is to describe pathoanatomy of these injuries.

Methods: In a series of 519 scapular fractures in adult patients from the period of 20022020 we identified a total of 20 (3.

Circumflex arterial sulcus of the scapula (sulcus arteriae circumflexae scapulae): its anatomy and clinical relevance.

Introduction: The circumflex scapular artery (CSA) has been described in detail in the literature, but the groove, i.e., the circumflex sulcus (CFS), formed by the artery on the lateral pillar of the scapula has been completely neglected.

Pectoralis major ruptures.

Injuries of pectoralis major (PM) muscle are among rare muscle injuries. Due to the lack of experience and knowledge in this field, they are often missed or improperly treated. Most often they are caused by an indirect mechanism, during strength sports, typically using the bench press.

Maisonneuve Fractures of the Ankle: A Critical Analysis Review.

»: Maisonneuve fractures (MFs), originally described as subcapital (high) fibular fractures with additional injury to the anterior and interosseous tibiofibular ligaments, display a variable injury pattern, ranging from stable to highly unstable fractures.

»: The high incidence of associated fractures of the posterior malleolus, the medial malleolus, and the anterolateral distal tibia (the "anterior malleolus") as well as the variable position of the fibula in the fibular notch (FN) warrant preoperative examination via computed tomography (CT).

»: The main goal of treatment is anatomic reduction of the distal fibula into the FN, which requires prior reduction of displaced posterior malleolar fractures, if present, to restore the integrity of the FN.

"Double Maisonneuve fracture": an unknown fracture pattern.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to describe pathoanatomy and to raise awareness of a fracture of the lateral malleolus combined with a high subcapital fracture of the fibula caused by a dislocation mechanism.

Methods: The study comprised 11 patients, 5 men and 6 women, with the mean age of 57 years (range, 21-87), with a "Double Maisonneuve fracture". Individual lesions of ankle structures were described on the basis of radiographs, CT, and intraoperative findings.

COVID-19 in the Czech Republic 2020: probable transmission of the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to determine the probable places of coronavirus transmission in association with the work.

Methods: The work analysed data from the Information System of Infectious Diseases managed by the Institute of Health Information and Statistics of the Czech Republic in the period March-December 2020.

Results: 732,202 COVID-19 cases were officially confirmed, from them 64,587 (9%) represented work-related disease, 184,384 cases (25%) work-related contact, and 483,231 cases (66%) out-of-work contact.

Fatty acids profile, atherogenic and thrombogenic indices in freshwater fish common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) from market chain.

Objective: The study examined the fatty acids composition and main nutrients composition in two freshwater fish species in the Czech Republic during one year.

Methods: Samples of common carp and rainbow trout were taken from a market chain during a year. All samples were homogenized and analyzed for lipid, protein, water, and ash contents.

Study design, size, and adequate exposure data as the crucial aspects in cancer risk assessment and implementation of the precautionary principle.

Traditional approaches and study design in cancer epidemiology have not been very successful in identifying and evaluating adequately the potential risk and/or protective factors associated with the disease. The main reasons for the failure are often due the small study sample size, and inadequate exposure information. In this paper, issues and approaches relevant to these two challenges are discussed.

Comparison of selected risk factors in cardiovascular diseases in two different populations of the Czech Republic.

Objectives: The aim of this work is to compare the current prevalence of selected risk factors in cardiovascular diseases in the Czech general population in a particular region with a selected population of Czech soldiers in a particular military unit.

Methods: Within medical preventive examinations, data from 684 civilians aged between 30-60 years were obtained (405 men and 279 women). Within compulsory medical preventive examinations, data from 659 soldiers from a particular military unit aged between 30-60 years were obtained (576 men and 83 women).

The presence of fine and ultrafine particulate matter in the work environment.

This study presents the results of pilot measurement, where the exposure of fine and ultrafine particulate matter was monitored. The measurement was performed in welding workplace, where these particles are produced unintentionally. The measurement consisted of collecting information and measuring the concentration of particles in the workplace, where data collection was focused only on inhalation exposure.

Musculoskeletal disorders and working risk factors.

Objectives: The authors evaluate situation in the field of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) and working risk factors in the Czech Republic.

Methods: Analysis of selected data from the Czech National Registry of Occupational Diseases during 2008-2018, description of criteria for recognition of occupational MSDs and risk factors associated with MSDs.

Results: 6,152 cases of 6 selected recognized occupational musculoskeletal diseases represent 47% of all recognized occupational diseases.

Fractures of the surgical neck of the scapula with separation of the coracoid base.

Fractures of the surgical neck of the scapula combined with a fracture of the coracoid base constitute a specific and rare type of a fracture pattern. When displaced, they present a severe, completely unstable type of surgical neck fracture, requiring a precise CT diagnosis, open reduction and stable internal fixation of the fracture via the Judet approach. The aim of this study is to describe our four cases and discuss three others reported to date.