Nervous Interconnection Between the Lesser Occipital and Auriculotemporal Nerves.

The auriculotemporal nerve is one branch of the mandibular portion of the trigeminal nerve, which itself divides into several branches in the temporal and retromandibular regions. The lesser occipital nerve is a cutaneous branch of the cervical plexus and is sometimes implicated in cases of cervicogenic headaches, occipitoparietal headaches, and occipital neuralgia, in general. Here, we present a case of unilateral neural interconnection between the auriculotemporal and lesser occipital nerves thus illustrating the joining of the cervical plexus and trigeminal nerve.

An unusual origin of a papillary muscle of the right ventricle.

Knowledge of anatomical variations of the heart are important to cardiac surgeons, cardiologists, and radiologist. During routine dissection of a 77-year-old male cadaver, we observed an unusual origin of a papillary muscle of the right ventricle arising from the atrioventricular aspect of the moderator band. This papillary muscle was 6.

Morphology of the groove of the inferior petrosal sinus: application to better understanding variations and surgery of the skull base.

Although adequate venous drainage from the cranium is imperative for maintaining normal intracranial pressure, the bony anatomy surrounding the inferior petrosal sinus and the potential for a compressive canal or tunnel has, to our knowledge, not been previously investigated. One hundred adult human skulls (200 sides) were observed and documented for the presence or absence of an inferior petrosal groove or canal. Measurements were made and a classification developed to help better understand their anatomy and discuss it in future reports.

Characteristics and Management of Dilated Mastoid Emissary Veins: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Introduction: The mastoid emissary vein (MEV) describes a transosseous connection between the sigmoid dural venous sinus and the suboccipital venous plexus. In cases of outflow stenosis or malformation, the MEV may become dilated and a source of pulsatile tinnitus (PT) amenable to treatment. We describe a case of PT secondary to MEV treated successfully via endovascular coil embolization and conduct a systematic review of the literature.

Clinical significance of morphological variations of the inferior phrenic arteries.

The rapid development of sciences such as genetics and molecular biology offers hope that better therapeutic methods can be developed and diagnosis and treatment made more effective. However, we must not forget that the basis for understanding the complex mechanisms of diseases and associated symptoms is knowledge of the relevant location and correlation among organs. In the present study, we focus on the clinical significance of the inferior phrenic artery.

Median Cubital Vein Traveling Deep to the Bicipital Aponeurosis: Anatomical Description With Application to Venipuncture and Vascular Access in the Cubital Fossa.

Knowledge of anatomical variations can aid the clinical practitioner in avoiding iatrogenic injury during invasive procedures. Here, we present an unusual finding of the median cubital vein and its relationship with bicipital aponeurosis. This case and relevant reports from the literature are reviewed.

Coexistence of accessory band with the second type of extensor hallucis longus.

The main muscles responsible for extension of the toes are the extensor digitorum longus and extensor hallucis longus. Morphological variants of both of these muscles are mostly related to the numbers of tendons and their unusual points of insertion. The case presented shows an accessory band deriving from the extensor digitorum longus and fusing with the extensor hallucis longus, a concomitant additional tendon of the latter inserting to the proximal phalanx of the hallux.

Clinical Anatomy Research Association in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery.

Sufficient knowledge of anatomy is critical for oral and maxillofacial surgeons to provide the best treatment to their patients. The authors have recently established the "Clinical Anatomy Research Association in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery." There is no doubt as to the benefits of collaboration between oral and maxillofacial surgeons/radiologists and anatomists.

The petrosal artery and its variations: a comprehensive review and anatomical study with application to skull base surgery and neurointerventional procedures.

Background: The petrosal artery supplies several structures at the skull base and is often the focus of various neurointerventional procedures. Therefore, knowledge of its anatomy and variations is important to surgeons and interventionalists.

Materials And Methods: Twenty latex injected cadaveric heads (40 sides) underwent microsurgical dissection of the petrosal artery.

A giant foramen of Vesalius: case report.

Anatomical variations identified at the skull base can result in challenges to the clinician. For example, the anatomy of the foramen ovale and its neighboring structures is critical knowledge for the surgeon who performs transcutaneous approaches to the foramen ovale for treating patients with trigeminal neuralgia. One nearby structure that can compound invasive procedures and potentially result in complications is the foramen of Vesalius.

Fusion of the Greater and Suboccipital Nerves: A Case Report With Application to Patients With Occipital Neuralgia.

Atypical presentations of occipital neuralgia might have an anatomical cause. Therefore, a better understanding of variant anatomy in this region can help physicians who treat such patients. During the dissection of the suboccipital region in an 83-year-old at-death male cadaver, an unusual finding was noted between the suboccipital and greater occipital nerves.

History of Bone Grafts in Spine Surgery.

Bone grafting replaces damaged or missing bone with new bone and is used for surgical arthrodesis. Patients benefit from a huge variety of bone graft techniques and options for spinal fusions. This article reviews the rich history of bone grafts in surgery with particular emphasis on spinal fusion.

Discovery of a trans-sellar vascular supply for the pituitary gland.

The vasculature of the pituitary gland is discussed briefly and the details of an anatomical discovery of the vessels supplying the pituitary gland provided. Twenty latex injected cadaveric heads were dissected. Any vessels that were found to penetrate the sella turcica and travel to the pituitary gland were documented and measured.

The function of the tensor tympani muscle: a comprehensive review of the literature.

The tensor tympani muscle is structurally important in the middle ear, specifically through its involvement in the impedance of sound in response to intense auditory and non-auditory stimuli. Despite numerous studies, its true function has been debated for many years; questions still remain about its role in auditory and non-auditory reflexes and in sound damping. Some studies suggest that the tensor tympani muscle contracts as a result of non-auditory stimulation such as facial or head movements; others suggest that it contracts due to input from the cochlear nucleus, therefore by way of auditory stimulation.

Bifid median nerve as an anatomical risk factor for carpal tunnel syndrome: A meta-analysis.

As the median nerve enters the carpal tunnel, it is a single nerve that soon bifurcates into lateral and medial branches into the hand. If the bifurcation is proximal to the carpel tunnel, a bifid median nerve (BMN) results. Carpal tunnel syndrome is often associated with a BMN with or without a persistent median artery.

Variations in the branching pattern of tibial nerve in foot: a review of literature and relevant clinical anatomy.

Considerable variations have been reported regarding the branching pattern of tibial nerve (TN) close to its termination in foot. In order to comprehend the clinical anatomy of heel pain awareness of all the possible variations in relation to terminal branching pattern of TN (close to the tarsal tunnel) is essential. The present study was conducted to undertake a comprehensive review of the variations in TN branches in foot with particular emphasis on the implications for sensory distribution of these branches.

The interosseus crural nerve: An anatomical study of a rarely described structure.

The interosseous crural nerve (IOCn) is said to arise distally from muscular branches of the tibial nerve innervating the deep muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg. Here, we present the results of a cadaveric study of the IOCn to clarify this nerve's morphology and to discuss its potential clinical relevance. On 26 sides from 13 cadaveric specimens, the IOCn was dissected.

Additional head of the rectus femoris muscle: a case report.

Purpose: The aim of the present case is to describe an interesting variation of the additional head of the rectus femoris.

Methods: A male body donor, 81 years old at death, was subjected to routine anatomical dissection for research and teaching purposes at the Department of Anatomical Dissection and Donation, Medical University of Lodz, Poland.

Results: We have found an example of an accessory head of the quadriceps femoris, a double-headed rectus femoris in which the proximal attachment is connected to the rectus femoris muscle originating from the anterior inferior iliac spine.

New Insights Into the Development of the Anterior Abdominal Wall.

Purpose: Among the few studies that have examined the development of the anterior abdominal wall, several are based on incomplete "series", substituted in many cases by non-human specimens.

Material And Methods: In total, 19 human embryos corresponding to Carnegie stages 15-23, 36 fetuses with estimated gestational ages ranging from 9 weeks to term, and eight neonates were included in this study. All specimens belong to the collection of the Department of Anatomy and Embryology at the Complutense University of Madrid.

Relationships among Coracobrachialis, Biceps Brachii, and Pectoralis Minor Muscles and Their Correlation with Bifurcated Coracoid Process.

The aim of this study is to demonstrate the relationship between the proximal attachment of the coracobrachialis muscle and the short head of the biceps brachii and the distal attachment of the pectoralis minor. Their correlation with the bifurcated coracoid process (CP) will be also assessed. On the basis of these observations, a new classification of structures attached to the coracoid process is proposed.

Bihemispheric posterior inferior cerebellar artery in a cadaver with Chiari I malformation.

Typically, patients with Chiari I malformations (CM I) do not have other intracranial anatomical variations, especially vascular derailments. Here, we report the findings of a cadaveric specimen found to have CM I and cerebellar tonsils supplied by a single posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) i.e.

Variations and Classification of Bony Septations of the Jugular Foramen: An Anatomic and Histologic Study With Application to Imaging and Surgery of the Skull Base.

Introduction: Approaches to the jugular foramen can be challenging. Adding to this difficulty is the potential for a bony septation to occur in the foramen thus subdividing its contents. Although such bony septations in the jugular foramen are known, the anatomic details of these structures have not been studied well.

Anatomical variants identified on chest computed tomography of 1000+ COVID-19 patients from an open-access dataset.

Chest computed tomography (CT) has been the preferred imaging modality during the pandemic owing to its sensitivity in detecting COVID-19 infections. Recently, a large number of COVID-19 imaging datasets have been deposited in public databases, leading to rapid advances in COVID-19 research. However, the application of these datasets beyond COVID-19-related research has been little explored.