The vascular supply to the lateral compartment of the leg with emphasis on fibular flap harvesting.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to determine the exact locations of vascular pedicles that supply the fibularis longus and brevis, to identify the morphometric features of those vessels in the lateral compartment of the leg, and to indicate the branching points of the pedicles from the main arteries.

Methods: The popliteal arteries of 40 lower limbs from 20 adult cadavers (12 males, 8 females) were bilaterally injected with colored latex. After dissection, the branches of the arteries were identified and counted.

The trochlea for the intermediate tendon of the digastric muscle: a review.

This review explores the novel perspective that the intermediate tendon of the digastric muscle may function as an anatomical trochlear pulley system within the human body, challenging the traditional understanding of trochlear systems. While widely recognized trochlear units include structures like the medial part of the humerus and the superior oblique muscle of the orbit, the review focuses on the unique anatomical arrangement of the intermediate tendon of the digastric muscle in connection with the anterior and posterior bellies of the digastric muscles. Despite current debates within the anatomical community about labeling the digastric muscles as having a trochlea, this paper delves into the scientific definition of a trochlear pulley system, presenting the intermediate tendon of the digastric muscle as a potential trochlea.

The greater palatine nerve and artery both supply the maxillary teeth: An anatomic and radiologic study.

Background: It is generally accepted that the greater palatine nerve and artery supply the palatal mucosa, gingiva, and glands, but not the bone or tooth adjacent to those tissues. When the bony palate is observed closely, multiple small foramina are seen on the palatal surface of the alveolar process. The authors hypothesized that the greater palatine nerve and artery might supply the maxillary teeth via the foramina on the palatal surface of the alveolar process and the superior alveolar nerve and artery.

Pediatric Fibrous Dysplasia of the Skull Base: Update on Management and Treatment.

Background: Fibrous dysplasia (FD) is often difficult for skull base surgeons to address. FD arises due to the abnormal proliferation of fibroblasts, ultimately resulting in immature osseous tissue replacing normal cancellous bone. When the skull base is involved, it can result in cranial nerve compression.

Ethical Use of Cadaveric Images in Anatomical Textbooks, Atlases, and Journals: A Consensus Response From Authors and Editors.

Nowadays, consent to use donor bodies for medical education and research is obtained from the body donors and their families before the donation. Recently, the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists (IFAA) published guidelines that could restrict the appearance of cadaveric images in commercial anatomical resources such as textbooks and other educational products. These guidelines state that the donor must expressly consent to using such images for this purpose.

Neurological and functional outcomes of 32 patients with hemorrhagic brainstem cavernous malformations: a practical guide for surgical planning.

Objective: Brainstem cavernous malformations (BSCMs) were once considered inoperable. Microsurgical resection now represents a valuable option for treating patients with hemorrhagic or symptomatic lesions. The aim of this study was to provide a practical guide for surgical planning by analyzing postoperative neurological and functional outcomes.

The Transverse Humeral Ligament: An Anatomical Narrative Review.

Shoulder pain often involves the tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii (LHBT) and the transverse humeral ligament (THL). Traditionally, the THL is considered a ligament that prevents the LHBT from dislocating, but recent studies suggest that it may be part of the subscapularis tendon. This review evaluates the nature of the THL and its overlying structures.

A review of the ethmoidal foramina and their clinical application.

The ethmoidal foramina (EF), located on the medial orbital wall along the frontoethmoidal sutures, are critical anatomical landmarks for surgeries involving the medial orbital wall. This review aimed to review the surgical anatomy of the EF, including their embryology and radiology. Although the frontoethmoidal sutures mostly have two foramina passing through them, there are reports of single foramen or multiple, up to six foramina.

Bony prominence and variations of the transverse sinus groove: novel anatomical findings in relation to sinus pathologies.

The transverse sinus (TS) is often involved with pathology for structural reasons. The aim of this study was to improve understanding of the anatomy along the groove of the TS and sigmoid sinus (SS), to discuss the relationship between the bony features and pathologies affecting the TS. Seventy dry skulls (140 sides) were used for detailed observation of the TS and SS grooves using gross investigation coupled with transillumination.

Anatomical insights into the median septum on soleal vein network and deep vein thrombosis risk.

The high incidence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in evacuees has been recognized since the 2004 Niigata-Chuetsu Earthquake in Japan. We hypothesized that the number and location of communicating branches of the soleal veins might influence thrombus development and that the median septum of the soleus muscle influences the venous network of the soleal veins. This study aimed to investigate how the network of soleal veins varies with the shape and thickness of the median septum and to elucidate factors predisposing soleal veins to DVT.

Rabbi Moshe Ben Maimon, Better Known as Rambam (1138-1204): Physician, Philosopher, and Adjudicator.

Rabbi Moshe Ben Maimon, known as Maimonides (Hebrew name is Rambam), lived from 1138 to 1204. He was one of the important philosophers, adjudicators, and physicians of the Jews. Rambam's knowledge of Jewish laws and his being a philosopher helped him in his third discipline, medicine.

Impact of articles written in non-alphabet languages.

Nowadays, English is the lingua franca of science, and the reference lists in most English articles are dominated by other English articles. Publications in languages other than English are most often in French, Italian, Spanish, or German. The minority written languages, that is, non-alphabet languages, have often not been included in reference lists in the scientific literature.

Basilar Artery Band Thrombus: Report of a Unique Case.

Basilar artery bands (BAB) are described in scant reports in the literature as shelves, bridges, septa, or webs within the lumen of the basilar artery. The anatomy and histology of these bands have only recently been fully explored and classified. Although there has been evidence of non-atherosclerotic calcification of these structures and vertebrobasilar atherosclerosis, previous studies have not demonstrated any plaque or thrombus formation on the basilar artery bands.

Anatomical Study of the Inferior Oblique Muscle and Its Innervation: Morphometric Characteristics, Anatomical Variations, and Histological Evaluation of the Nerve to the Inferior Oblique Muscle.

Background: This report aims to supplement the existing knowledge on the inferior oblique muscle. In particular, this study presents detailed anatomical and histological data concerning the muscle's entry point (or entry zone) of the nerve to the inferior oblique muscle. Particular attention was paid to the topographical relationships of the nerve to the inferior oblique muscle (NTIO), including the location of its entry point to the muscle's belly and its anatomical variations.

Infectious meningitis. Why are the leptomeninges preferentially involved? Electron microscopic insights.

In infectious meningitis, pathogens preferentially attack the leptomeninges (pia mater and arachnoid) rather than the pachymeninges (dura mater). This study aims to provide ultra-anatomical insights from our extensive collection of electron microscopy images and propose mechanisms, highlighting structures that favor the introduction, adherence, colonization, and proliferation of microorganisms leading to spinal meningitis. Over several years, we analyzed an extensive collection of transmission and scanning electron microscopy images of human spinal meninges captured in our laboratories.

Enhancing medical anatomy education with the integration of virtual reality into traditional lab settings.

In medical education, traditional anatomy labs have relied heavily on the hands-on dissection of cadavers to teach the complex spatial relationships within the human body. However, the advent of virtual reality (VR) technology offers the potential for significantly enhancing this traditional approach by providing immersive, interactive 3D visualizations that can overcome some of the limitations of physical specimens. This study explores the integration of VR into a traditional gross anatomy lab to enrich the learning experience for medical students.