Comparative and Evolutionary Analyses on the Complete Plastomes of Five Horticultural Plants.

Many species of the genus are important horticultural plants. They have evolved the Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) photosynthetic pathway to allow them to be better adapted to dry environments. Despite their importance, it is still debating whether is monophyletic, and understanding the past diversification of this genus requires a tremendous amount of effort and work being devoted to the studies of morphological and molecular characters of this genus.

The complete chloroplast genome sequence of (Crassulaceae).

is a very important traditional medicine and ornamental plant. Although and have been supported to form a clade, however, lack of chloroplast genomic severely hinders our understanding the phylogenetic relationships between them. In this study, the complete chloroplast genome of is first presented.

Accelerators increase permeability of cuticles for the lipophilic solutes metribuzin and iprovalicarb but not for hydrophilic methyl glucose.

Effects of diethylsuberate (DESU), tributyl phosphate (TBP), and monodisperse ethoxylated alcohols (EAs) on rate constants of penetration (k) of model solutes across astomatous cuticular membranes isolated from Madagascar ivy (Stephanotis floribunda) and pear (Pyrus communis) leaves were studied. Model solutes (selected on the basis of their octanol/water partition coefficients, K(ow)) were iprovalicarb (log K(ow) = 3.18), metribuzin (log K(ow) = 1.

Effects of accelerators on mobility of 14C-2,4-dichlorophenoxy butyric acid in plant cuticles depends on type and concentration of accelerator.

Effects of diethyl suberate (DESU), diethyl sebacate (DES), dibutyl suberate (DBSU), dibutyl sebacate (DBS), and tributyl phosphate (TBP) on diffusion of 14C-2,4-dichlorophenoxy butyric acid (2,4-DB) across cuticular membranes (CM) was studied. Astomatous CM were isolated enzymatically from Stephanotis floribunda Brongn. leaves, and diffusion was measured at 20 degrees C.

Sorption in reconstituted waxes of homologous series of alcohol ethoxylates and n-alkyl esters and their effects on the mobility of 2,4-dichlorophenoxybutyric acid.

Equilibrium sorption of n-alkyl esters (dimethyl suberate, diethyl suberate, diethyl sebacate, dibutyl suberate and dibutyl sebacate) and monodisperse alcohol ethoxylates (diethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, pentaethylene glycol, hexaethylene glycol and octaethylene glycol monododecyl ether) between the reconstituted cuticular waxes of Stephanotis floribunda Brongn (Madagascar jasmine) or Hordeum vulgare L (barley) leaves and an external aqueous receptor solution was determined. Logarithms of the wax/receptor partition coefficient (K(wax/rec)) of the n-alkyl esters increased linearly with the number of C-atoms. With alcohol ethoxylates, log K(wax/rec) decreased linearly with the number of ethylene oxide units.