Combination of Hotspot Mutations With Methylation and Fragmentomic Profiles to Enhance Multi-Cancer Early Detection.

Background: Multi-cancer early detection (MCED) through a single blood test significantly advances cancer diagnosis. However, most MCED tests rely on a single type of biomarkers, leading to limited sensitivity, particularly for early-stage cancers. We previously developed SPOT-MAS, a multimodal ctDNA-based assay analyzing methylation and fragmentomic profiles to detect five common cancers.

Monocyte adhesion to and transmigration through endothelium following cardiopulmonary bypass shearing is mediated by IL-8 signaling.

Introduction: The use of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) can induce sterile systemic inflammation that contributes to morbidity and mortality, especially in children. Patients have been found to have increased expression of cytokines and transmigration of leukocytes during and after CPB. Previous work has demonstrated that the supraphysiologic shear stresses existing during CPB are sufficient to induce proinflammatory behavior in non-adherent monocytes.

Breast cancer risk assessment based on susceptibility genes and polygenic risk score in Vietnamese women.

Background: Breast screening recommendation based on individual risk assessment is emerging as an alternative approach to improve compliance and efficiency to detect breast cancer (BC) early. In Vietnam, prior knowledge to stratify risk based on genetic factors is currently lacking.

Methods: This study recruited 892 BC patients and 735 healthy Vietnamese women from 2016 to 2021.

PVA-assisted spray deposited porous LiTiO thin film as high-rate and long-cycle anode for lithium-ion thin-film batteries.

Spinel LiTiO (LTO), a zero-strain material, is a promising anode material for solid-state thin-film lithium-ion batteries (TFB). However, the preparation of high-performance LiTiO thin-film electrodes through facile methods remains a significant challenge. Herein, we present a novel approach to prepare a binder- and conductor-free porous LiTiO (P-LTO) thin-film.

U(VI) sorption on illite in the Co-existence of carbonates and humic substances.

The presence of carbonates or humic substances (HS) will significantly affect the species and chemical behavior of U(VI) in solution, but lacking systematic exploration of the coupling effect of carbonates and HS under near real environmental conditions at present. Herein, the sorption behavior of U(VI) on illite was systematically studied in the co-existence of carbonates and HS including both humic acid (HA) and fulvic acid (FA) by batch technique. The distribution coefficients (K) increased as function of time and temperature but decreased with increasing concentrations of initial U(VI), Ca, and Mg, as well as ion strength.

Enhanced Photocatalytic Removal of U(VI) from Real Radioactive Wastewater by Modulating the Surface Charge Microenvironment in Porphyrin-Based Hydrogen-Bonded Organic Framework.

Reduction of soluble U(VI) to insoluble U(IV) based on photocatalysts is a simple, environmentally friendly, and efficient method for treating radioactive wastewater. The present study involved the systematic comparison of the photoelectric properties of three metalloporphyrins with different metal centers and the synthesis of a novel porphyrin-based hydrogen-bonded organic framework (Ni-pHOF) photocatalyst by modulating the surface charge microenvironment in porphyrin for enhanced photocatalytic removal of U(VI) from wastewater. Compared to the metal-free HOF, the surface charge microenvironment around the Ni atom in Ni-pHOF accelerated the reduction kinetics of U(VI) under visible light illumination at the initial moment, showing a high removal rate, even in air.

A novel multi-stage enrichment workflow and comprehensive characterization for HEK293F-derived extracellular vesicles.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are emerging as a promising drug delivery vehicle as they are biocompatible and capable of targeted delivery. However, clinical translation of EVs remains challenging due to the lack of standardized and scalable manufacturing protocols to consistently isolate small EVs (sEVs) with both high yield and high purity. The heterogenous nature of sEVs leading to unknown composition of biocargos causes further pushback due to safety concerns.

Skin rejuvenation and photoaging protection using adipose-derived stem cell extracellular vesicles loaded with exogenous cargos.

Background: Small extracellular vesicles from adipose-derived stem cells (ASC-sEVs) have gained remarkable attention for their regenerative and protective properties against skin aging. However, the use of ASC-sEVs to further encapsulate certain natural anti-aging compounds for synergistic effects has not been actively explored. For large-scale production in skincare industry, it is also crucial to standardize cost-effective methods to produce highly pure ASC-sEVs.

A Proof-of-Concept Study on the Theranostic Potential of Lu-labeled Biocompatible Covalent Polymer Nanoparticles for Cancer Targeted Radionuclide Therapy.

Theranostic nanomedicine combined bioimaging and therapy probably rises more helpful and interesting opportunities for personalized medicine. In this work, Lu radiolabeling and surface PEGylation of biocompatible covalent polymer nanoparticles (CPNs) have generated a new theranostic nanoformulation ( Lu-DOTA-PEG-CPNs) for targeted diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. The in vitro anticancer investigations demonstrate that Lu-DOTA-PEG-CPNs possess excellent bonding capacity with breast cancer cells (4T1), inhibiting the cell viability, leading to cell apoptosis, arresting the cell cycle, and upregulating the reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can be attributed to the good targeting ability of the nanocarrier and the strong relative biological effect of the radionuclide labelled compound.

Biocompatible conjugated polymer nanoparticles labeled with Ac for tumor endoradiotherapy.

Recently, endoradiotherapy based on actinium-225 (Ac) has attracted increasing attention, which is due to its α particles can generate maximal damage to cancer cells while minimizing unnecessary radiation effects on healthy tissues. Herein, In/Ac-radiolabeled conjugated polymer nanoparticles (CPNs) coated with amphiphilic polymer DSPE-PEG-DOTA have been developed as a new injectable nano-radiopharmaceuticals for cancer endoradiotherapy under the guidance of nuclear imaging. Single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) using In-DOTA-PEG-CPNs as nano probe indicates a prolonged retention of radiolabeled nanocarriers, which was consistent with the in vivo biodistribution examined by direct radiometry analysis.

The biochemical behavior and mechanism of uranium(Ⅵ) bioreduction induced by natural Bacillus thuringiensis.

For a broader understanding of uranium migration affected by microorganisms in natural anaerobic environment, the bioreduction of uranium(Ⅵ) (U(Ⅵ)) was revealed in Bacillus thuringiensis, a dominant bacterium strain with potential of uranium-tolerant isolated from uranium contaminated soil. The reduction behavior was systematically investigated by the quantitative analysis of U(Ⅳ) in bacteria, and mechanism was inferred from the pathway of electron transmission. Under anaerobic conditions, appropriate biomass and sodium lactate as electron donor, reduction behavior of U(Ⅵ) induced by B.

Multimodal Imaging-Guided Strategy for Developing Lu-Labeled Metal-Organic Framework Nanomedicine with Potential in Cancer Therapy.

Nano-metal-organic frameworks (nano-MOFs) labeled with radionuclides have shown great potential in the anticancer field. In this work, we proposed to combine fluorescence imaging (FI) with nuclear imaging to systematically evaluate the tumor inhibition of new nanomedicines from living cancer cells to the whole body, guiding the design and application of a high-performance anticancer radiopharmaceutical to glioma. An Fe-based nano-MOF vector, MIL-101(Fe)/PEG-FA, was decorated with fluorescent sulfo-cyanine7 (Cy7) to investigate the binding affinity of the targeting nanocarriers toward glioma cells , as well as possible administration modes for cancer therapy.

Sorption behavior and mechanism of U(VI) on Tamusu clay in the presence of U(VI)-CO complexes.

The sorption behavior of U(VI) on Tamusu clay sampled from a pre-selected high-level radioactive waste (HLW) disposal site in Inner Mongolia (China) was studied systematically in the U(VI)-CO solution at pH 7.8 by batch experiments. The results demonstrated that the distribution coefficients (K) decreased with the increasing values of pH, [U(VI)], and ionic strength, but increased with the extended time and the rising temperature.

Porphyrin-based hydrogen-bonded organic framework for visible light driven photocatalytic removal of U(VI) from real low-level radioactive wastewater.

The reduction of soluble U(VI) to insoluble U(IV) precipitates by visible light is an environmentally friendly and highly effective strategy to remove uranium from uranium-containing radioactive wastewater. Herein, a porous hydrogen-bonded organic framework (HOF) of UPC-H4a was self-assembled by intermolecular hydrogen bonds of 5,10,15,20-tetra(4-(2,4-diaminotriazine)phenyl) porphyrin to remove U(VI) from aqueous solution. UPC-H4a has high crystallinity with permanent porosity, excellent photocatalytic property, good chemical stability, and strong photocatalytic reducibility.

Rigidity and Flexibility: Unraveling the Role of Fulvic Acid in Uranyl Sorption on Graphene Oxide Using Molecular Dynamics Simulations.

Using molecular dynamics simulations, this work targets a molecular understanding on the rigidity and flexibility of fulvic acid (FA) in uranyl sorption on graphene oxide (GO). The simulations demonstrated that both rigid Wang's FA (WFA) and flexible Suwannee River FA (SRFA) can provide multiple sites to cooperate with GO for uranyl sorption and act as "bridges" to connect uranyl and GO to form GO-FA-U (type B) ternary surface complexes. The presence of flexible SRFA was more beneficial to uranyl sorption on GO.

Dual-targeting exosomes for improved drug delivery in breast cancer.

The authors investigated whether displaying more than one homing peptide enhanced the tumor-targeting efficiency of exosomes. Exosomes from human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293F) were engineered to display either mono- or dual-tumor-penetrating peptides, iRGD and tLyp1. Exosomes were purified via tangential flow filtration followed by ultracentrifugation.

Synthesis and Application of a Novel Metal-Organic Frameworks-Based Ion-Imprinted Polymer for Effective Removal of Co(II) from Simulated Radioactive Wastewater.

In this work, a novel metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)-based ion-imprinted polymer (MIIP) was prepared to remove Co(II) from simulated radioactive wastewater. The batch experiments indicated that the sorption was well described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic and Langmuir models, and it is monolayer chemisorption. The theoretical maximum sorption capacity was estimated to be 181.

A Smart Benzothiazole-Based Conjugated Polymer Nanoplatform with Multistimuli Response for Enhanced Synergistic Chemo-Photothermal Cancer Therapy.

The combination of chemotherapy and phototherapy has received tremendous attention in multimodal cancer therapy. However, satisfactory therapeutic outcomes of chemo-photothermal therapy (chemo-PTT) still remain challenging. Herein, a biocompatible smart nanoplatform based on benzothiazole-linked conjugated polymer nanoparticles (CPNs) is rationally designed, for effectively loading doxorubicin (DOX) and Mo-based polyoxometalate (POM) through both dynamic chemical bond and intermolecular interactions, with an expectation to obtain new anticancer drugs with multiple stimulated responses to the tumor microenvironment (TME) and external laser irradiation.

Extracellular biomineralization of uranium and its toxicity alleviation to Bacillus thuringiensis X-27.

Uranium biomineralization can slow uranium migration in the environment and thus prevent it from further contaminating the surroundings. Investigations into the uranium species, pH, inorganic phosphate (Pi) concentration, and microbial viability during biomineralization by microorganisms are crucial for understanding the mineralization mechanism. In this study, Bacillus thuringiensis X-27 was isolated from soil contaminated with uranium and was used to investigate the formation process of uranium biominerals induced by X-27.

Tumor genomic profiling and personalized tracking of circulating tumor DNA in Vietnamese colorectal cancer patients.

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fifth most common cancer with rising prevalence in Vietnam. However, there is no data about the mutational landscape and actionable alterations in the Vietnamese patients. During post-operative surveillance, clinical tools are limited to stratify risk of recurrence and detect residual disease.