Correlation of PD-1 and PD-L1 expression in oral leukoplakia and oral squamous cell carcinoma: an immunohistochemical study.

The programmed cell death protein (PD-1)/programmed cell death protein ligand (PD-L1) pathway and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen are the most important co-stimulatory molecules that play a key role in the negative regulation of T cells during carcinogenesis. We aimed to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 in oral leukoplakia and squamous cell carcinoma compared with normal oral mucosa. Twenty-five cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma, oral leukoplakia and normal oral mucosa tissue specimens were immunohistochemically stained to assess PD-1 and PD-L1 expression.

Expression of transmembrane protein aquaporin-3 in oral epithelial dysplasia and oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate aquaporin-3 (AQP3) expression in patient samples of oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), thereby assessing the potential of AQP3 as a molecular marker for tumor progression.

Study Design: An in vitro comparative study was done to determine the AQP3 expression on 20 surgical biopsy specimens each of OED and OSCC using immunohistochemistry. Twenty specimens of normal oral mucosa were kept as controls.

Prevalence of oral potentially malignant disorders and oral malignant lesions: A population-based study in a municipal town of southern Kerala.

Oral cancer burden poses a major challenge in India. Oral cancer in the majority of instances arises from preexisting oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs). Early detection of OPMD and elimination of primary risk factors such as smokeless and smoking tobacco help in reduction of oral cancer.

Extranodal Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma of the Oral Cavity: A Case Report.

Lymphomas are solid malignant tumors having a wide spectrum of clinical and pathological features. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) is a subtype of lymphoma with two-thirds of the cases presenting as lymph node enlargement. The remaining one third of NHL cases has been reported in the extranodal sites, including the gastro intestinal tract, Waldeyer's ring, bone, skin, and brain.

Ameloblastic fibro-odontoma.

Introduction: Ameloblastic fibro-odontoma (AFO) is a quite rare, mixed odontogenic tumour generally seen in the early stages of life. Frequent signs of this tumour are asymptomatic swelling, delayed tooth eruption and mixed radiological appearance within well-defined borders. Management of the lesion includes enucleation of the tumour and long-term follow-up.

Uncommon opportunistic fungal infections of oral cavity: A review.

The majority of opportunistic oral mucosal fungal infections are due to Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus species. Mucor and Cryptococcus also have a major role in causing oral infections, whereas Geotrichum, Fusarium, Rhodotorula, Saccharomyces and Penicillium marneffei are uncommon pathogens in the oral cavity. The broad spectrum of clinical presentation includes pseudo-membranes, abscesses, ulcers, pustules and extensive tissue necrosis involving bone.

Clear cell myoepithelioma of palate with emphasis on clinical and histological differential diagnosis.

Myoepitheliomas account for less than 1% of all salivary gland tumors and mostly occur in the parotid gland and palate. A 58-year old male patient reported to the Outpatient Department of PMS College of Dental Science and Research (Kerala, India) with a slow growing painless swelling on the palate for 4 years. Pleomorphic adenoma, basal cell adenoma, myoepithelioma, cyst adenoma, lipoma, neurofibroma, neurilemmoma and leiomyoma were considered.

Bisphosphonate induced osteonecrosis of jaw in breast cancer patients: A systematic review.

Background: Bisphosphonate therapy is widely used for the treatment of bone metastasis in breast cancer patients.

Aim: The aim of this study is to estimate the overall prevalence of bisphosphonate induced osteonecrosis of jaw (BONJ) in breast cancer patients with bone metastasis.

Materials And Methods: A literature review was conducted to search and evaluate all the articles that contained original data on the prevalence of BONJ in breast cancer patients from the year 2003-2009.