Features of the Left Ventricular Functional Geometry in Patients with Myocardial Diseases with Varying Degrees of Systolic Dysfunction.

We revealed some features of the left ventricular functional geometry in patients with myocardial diseases with different degrees of left ventricular systolic dysfunction. A negative correlation was found between the spatio-temporal heterogeneity of the kinetics of the left ventricular wall during systole and ejection fraction in normal heart and in systolic dysfunction. The differences in the quantitative characteristics of the functional geometry between patients and normal subjects and between different groups of patients depended on the severityof left-ventricular systolic dysfunction.

[Ultrasound markers of the genetic pathology and early hemodynamic changes in human embryo].

First trimester nuchal translucency (NT) and ductus venosus reverse blood flow (DVRBF) are used as ultrasound markers (UM) to determine the risk of fetal aneuploidy, heart defects and subsequent maternal preeclampsia. One pathophysiological explanation for these UM, encompassing both normal and pathological outcomes, is the development of transient heart failure due to increased vascular resistance (afterload). Left ventricular isovolumic relaxation time (LV IRT) was demonstrated as sensitive index of afterload increase in the second and third trimester fetus.

[Perinantal programming of arterial hypertension in child].

There is a growing number of evidence linking fetal intrauterine malnutrition, other adverse events or exposures and arterial hypertension during the following life. After important epidemiological studiesfrom many countries, research now focuses on mechanisms of organ dysfunction and on refining the understanding of the interaction between common elements ofadverse perinatal conditions and normal development. This review focused on advances in comprehension of the influence of intrauterine malnutrition on developmental programming of hypertension.

[The intrauterine programming of adult and children's disesases].

The intrauterine programming hypothesis proposed that cardiovascular and metabolic disease originate through developmental plasticity and fetal adaptation arising from failure of the materno-placental supply of nutrients. The hypothesis is supported by experimental data in animals indicating that maternal nutrition can program long term effects on the offspring. The intrauterine conditions in which the fetus develops have an important role in regulating the function of its physiological systems later in life.

[Compensatory hypertension and fetal heart remodeling: from adaptation to pathology].

Left ventricular (LV) isovolumetric relaxation time (IRT), shape and LV wall movement uniformity were assessed in 102 appropriate for gestational age (AGA) human fetuses and 36 fetuses with intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR). In 28 AGA newborns and 26 IUGR infants rennin and angiotensin 1 concentrations were assessed in umbilical cord blood by radioimmunoassay. Systolic blood pressure (BP) was also measured in these infants.

[Contraction-relaxation dynamics and mechanical restitution in the developing myocardium of the chick embryo].

Parameters of the contraction-relaxation cycle and mechanical restitution (MR) were assessed in isolated ventricular preparations of 3- and 4-day chick embryos (EM) and posthatched (PH) chicks. Ryanodine reduced the relaxation rate in the EM but increased it in the PH chicks. It also suppressed a rest-induced potentiation and the MR in all the preparations.

[Anesthetics and the developing heart].

Effects of various anesthetics on the myocardium of developing heart are reviewed. Anesthetics suppress myocardial contractility in a fetus and newborn more intensively than in an adult. This is due to immature cell mechanisms regulating cardiomyocyte contractile activity and specific effect of the autonomic nervous system on the heart.

[Hemodynamic status of the mother and fetus in pregnant women with gestosis during abdominal delivery under different anesthesia methods].

Pregnants in the third trimester with medium- and severe gestosis were divided into 3 groups according to types of maternal and fetal hemodynamics: 1) controls (n = 58 pts); 2) eukinetic type (n = 54 pts); and 3) hypokinetic type (n = 55 pts). Each group was subdivided into 3 subgroups according to administered types of anesthesia for cesarean section (epidural, spinal, and general). Central hemodynamics of the mother, fetus, and fetoplacental complex was studied.

[Experimental-theoretical study of the force-interval relationship in the developing chicken myocardium].

The force-interval relationship was studied on myocardium preparations from chick embryos and hatched chickens. It is shown that the force-interval relationships of myocardium change during ontogenesis. A negative staircase (a decrease in the isometric force with increasing stimulation rate) in the chick embryo myocardium and a positive steady-state relationship in hatched stage myocardium were revealed.

[The role of intra- and extracellular calcium sources in the rhythmic inotropic regulation of isometric contractions in the chick embryo myocardium].

Isometric contractions and force-frequency relationships (FFR) were assessed in isolated ventricular preparations of 3- and 4-day chick embryos (EM) and posthatched (PH) chicks. Pacing protocols for the FFR assessment were applied in normal buffer, buffer with 50% and 25% of normal Na+ concentration, and in buffer with ryanodine. PH myocardium showed greater peak force and more prominent FFR than EM.

[Non-invasive evaluation of systolic and diastolic functions of the left ventricle in newborn infants].

To assess possible changes in myocardial contractile function and relaxation occurring after mild perinatal asphyxia, maximal blood pressure and M-mode echocardiograms should be registered simultaneously in 32 normal term newborns (group 1) and in 22 term asphyxiated newborns (group II). The slope of end-systolic pressure-dimension relation (ESPDR) was used as a reliable index for evaluation of the myocardial contractility. The slope of ESPDR and some indices of ventricular relaxation decreased in newborns from group II.

[A spectral analysis of the periodic components in the heart rhythm structure of newborn infants].

Spectral analysis of spontaneous heart rate fluctuations were assessed in 12 healthy newborn infants and in 14 low birth weight newborns. The orthostatic test was performed by the change of newborns posture. High-frequency fluctuations at the respiratory rate were detected in healthy infants and orthostatic reactions of heart rate resembled the same reactions in healthy adults.

[Pre-clinical diagnosis of toxemia in the second half of pregnancy in a day-care hospital].

In this study +the purpose to improve diagnostic precision in preclinical forms of late toxemia, the central and peripheral circulation and hemostasis have been evaluated in women during their four day-stay visits scheduled for a pregnancy. Transition of normal pregnancy to "++pre-toxemic" was most commonly seen in the second trimester. Platelet counts and levels of fibrinogen and beta-fibrinogen proved to have the highest predictive value.

[Evaluation of ontogenetic changes in the chrono- and inotropic functions of the rat myocardium under a random stimulation regimen].

The relationships between isometric contractions and duration of interstimulus intervals, which were changed randomly, were assessed in myocardial strips of adult (AR) and newborn rats (NR). The highest coefficients of variation of contractions amplitude were seen in AR and lowest those in preparations of 1-3 day of life NR. The "force-interval" autoregression coefficients were estimated in different Ca2+ concentrations, their differences being due, probably, to ontogenetic changes.

[Myocardial contractility in newborn kittens under a physiologic loading regimen].

The angles of ramp of normalized dependences: "strength-velocity" and "terminal systolic length--terminal systolic strength" proved to be lesser under physiological loads in isolated papillary muscles of newborn kitten as compared with adult cats. Adrenaline increased the slope of these dependences up to the values characteristics of the adult cat's myocardium in saline. The data obtained suggest a low level of the calcium activation and ATPase activity of contractile proteins of the myocardium in newborn kitten.

[Mechanism of postextrasystolic potentiation of the myocardium].

Combined effects of poststimulation and postextrasystolic potentiation (PESP) were studied in the rat papillary muscles. The constant PESP augmentation of isometric force triggered by extrasystolic stimulus was shown for 2-8 poststimulatory potentiated contractions. The PESP was not dependent upon the Ca2+ concentration within the 0.