Replaced posterior cerebral artery with early branching temporal artery diagnosed by magnetic resonance angiography.

Purpose: To describe a case of replaced posterior cerebral artery (PCA) in which all branches of the PCA arose from the anterior choroidal artery (AChA) with an early branching temporal artery.

Methods: An 83-year-old man with cerebral infarctions underwent cranial magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and MR angiography using a 3-Tesla scanner. MR angiography was performed using a standard 3-dimensional time-of-flight technique.

Two Cases of Mechanical Thrombectomy in Patients with Fenestration of the M1 Segment of the Middle Cerebral Artery.

M1 fenestration of the middle cerebral artery is rare. We present two patterns of acute thromboembolic conditions in M1 fenestrations treated with mechanical thrombectomy. Case 1 was a male in his 60s presenting with right hemiparesis and aphasia.

Quantitative analysis of the skull in the Japanese wolf (Canis lupus hodophilax) using CT.

In this study using computed tomography (CT), the volumes of the internal cranial cavities, such as the braincase, frontal sinus and tympanic cavity, and the ratio of the volume of each cavity to the skull volume in Japanese wolves were quantified, and CT images of the frontal sinus were observed. The results were then compared with those of other wolf subspecies, including Akita, a dog breed, to clarify the characteristics of the internal cranial cavities in Japanese wolves. The present study revealed that the Japanese wolf had a relatively larger braincase volume and a relatively smaller frontal sinus volume than the wolf ssp.

The efficacy of prophylactic prochlorperazine injections at the initiation of opioid injections in preventing opioid-induced nausea and vomiting among patients with end-stage cancer.

Objectives: Antiemetics have been widely recommended for treating opioid-induced nausea and vomiting (OINV). According to a previous study, the use of prophylactic prochlorperazine at the initiation of treatment with oral oxycodone was ineffective in preventing OINV. This study examined whether prochlorperazine injection prevents OINV and induces drowsiness in patients with end-stage cancer (a different patient population from the previous study).

Structural Features of Connective Tissue Formed around Resin Implants Subcutaneously Embedded in Dairy Cows.

Foreign body reactions (FBRs) are inadvertently observed in invading or artificially embedded materials, triggering inflammation and subsequent fibrotic processes to occur in situ. Here, we assessed the spatiotemporal formation of connective tissue around implanted materials to establish a technique using connective tissue formed by FBRs as xenografts. An acrylic resin implant, comprising a columnar inner rod and a tubular outer cylinder (OC) with several slits, was embedded in adult dairy cows.

Bilateral Deafness Due to Relapsing Polychondritis with Semicircular Canal Calcification Treated With Cochlear Implantation: A Case Report.

Relapsing polychondritis (RP) is a rare chronic inflammatory disease characterized by recurrent inflammation of cartilages throughout the body, with treatment-resistant dizziness and hearing loss in 40%-50% of patients with RP. Although rare, severe binaural hearing loss in RP is an indication for cochlear implantation (CI). Therefore, there are only a few reports on CI insertion in cases of RP.

Effective cochlear implantation for idiopathic hypertrophic pachymeningitis with bilateral profound hearing loss: A case report.

Rationale: Hypertrophic pachymeningitis (HP) is a local or diffuse fibrous thickness of the dura mater of the brain or spinal cord, caused by infection or connective tissue disease. Headache is the most common clinical symptom, followed by various cranial nerve disorders such as visual impairment, diplopia, and hearing loss. HP can be classified into secondary and idiopathic.

Evaluation of oxidative stress in foals with Rhodococcus equi infection-induced pneumonia for the judgment of therapeutic effect.

Forty-five foals with Rhodococcus equi infection and pneumonia symptoms were classified into a surviving group and a dead group. Using serum samples, the oxidative stress index (OSI) was determined at the first visit and the follow-up visit. The OSI of the surviving group was significantly lower at the follow-up than that at the first visit.

Apoptosis of type I spiral ganglion neuron cells in Otof-mutant mice.

Otof, which encodes otoferlin, knockout mice are considered model mice for auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder, which is characterized by an absent auditory brainstem response (ABR) despite preserved distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE). Although otoferlin-deficient mice lack neurotransmitter release at the inner hair cell (IHC) synapse, it remains unclear how the Otof mutation affects spiral ganglions. Thus, we used Otof-mutant mice carrying the Otof allele (Otof) and analyzed spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) in Otof mice by immunolabeling type Ⅰ SGNs (SGN-Ⅰ) and type II SGNs (SGN-II).

Association Between Multiple Sclerosis and the Symptoms of Vertigo and Facial Nerve Palsy.

Patients with vertigo and facial nerve palsy as initial symptoms are rarely diagnosed with multiple sclerosis. A 43-year-old woman presented to our department with symptoms of vertigo and right facial nerve palsy (Yanagihara 16-point system [total score, 40] or House- Brackmann grade IV [obvious facial weakness]). On the day of the visit, she presented with right eye abduction, left eye adduction, and complaints of diplopia.

Efficacy and safety of tolvaptan for refractory fluid collection and edema in the terminal cancer patients.

Objective: Tolvaptan, a vasopressin V receptor antagonist, is an oral diuretic. Patients with terminal cancer develop marked fluid retention, and oral diuretics other than tolvaptan have been used as treatments without clear therapeutic effects. Herein, we aimed to study the efficacy and safety of tolvaptan in patients with terminal cancer.

Intracochlear signal in FIESTA-C and hearings of patients with cerebellopontine angle schwannoma.

Background: Hearing loss in patients with cerebellopontine angle (CPA) schwannoma, is thought to be caused by the damage to the cochlea and the cochlear nerve.

Aim: This study aimed to examine the relationships between the intracochlear signal in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and hearing in patients with CPA schwannoma.

Material And Method: In 79 patients with CPA schwannoma, we retrospectively examined the signal in the cochlea on the affected side was compared with that on the unaffected side to determine signal degradation in fast imaging reagents steady-state acquisition with cycle phases (FIESTA-C) MRI.

Association between atherosclerosis, hearing recovery, and hearing in the healthy ear in idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss: a retrospective chart analysis.

Atherosclerosis is reported to be a risk factor for the severity of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL). We evaluated the hypothesis that atherosclerosis affects the hearing thresholds of both the affected and healthy sides of ISSNHL patients. We conducted multivariate analyses on retrospectively collected data of patients with ISSNHL (N = 762) to evaluate the relationship between known factors linked to atherosclerosis and hearing thresholds on affected and healthy sides and whether these factors are prognostic for hearing recovery.

Newly developed twisted carotid bifurcation on the left side incidentally diagnosed by magnetic resonance angiography.

We herein report a case of left twisted carotid bifurcation (TCB) that newly appeared on follow-up examination. The patient was a 71-year-old woman with neck bruit and hyperlipidemia underwent neck magnetic resonance angiography. The left carotid bifurcation showed a normal branching pattern.

A retrospective analysis for criteria of surgical intervention in Japanese Black calves with respiratory signs caused by perinatal rib fracture.

Medical records of 16 Japanese Black calves with respiratory signs associated with perinatal rib fracture were analyzed, retrospectively, to speculate criteria of surgical intervention for the disease. For this analysis, the severity of respiratory condition was classified into three grades: Grade 1, with no wheezing, Grade 2, with wheezing after excitement but not at rest and Grade 3, with wheezing at rest. Grade 1 (n=3) received only conservative management.

Sex differences in cervical spinal cord and spinal canal development in Thoroughbred horses.

Cervical vertebral stenotic myelopathy (CVSM), a common cause of cervical spinal cord compression, is a neurological disease characterized by general proprioceptive ataxia and weakness of hindlimbs that tends to develop in young adult Thoroughbred horses. Although male horses seem to be at increased risk for CVSM, the mechanism for the occurrence of sex differences in the prevalence of CVSM is still poorly understood. Hence, we hypothesized that sex differences in the development of cervical spinal cord and spinal canal would affect the development of CVSM.

Investigation of a contributing factor for cervical vertebral stenotic myelopathy using computed tomography for measuring the cervical vertebral volume.

Thoroughbred horses appear to be particularly predisposed to cervical vertebral stenotic myelopathy (CVSM), also known as wobbler syndrome. We hypothesized that variations in the cervical vertebral volumes can affect the dynamic instability of the cervical vertebrae. This observational study aimed to clarify whether cervical vertebral volume could be considered as a contributing factor in CVSM in Thoroughbred horses.

A rare case of external ear canal stenosis caused by COVID-19-related arterial thrombosis.

Thrombosis is a characteristic symptom of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Here, we present a case of external ear stenosis caused by arterial thrombosis after COVID-19 infection. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of external ear stenosis related to COVID-19.

Understanding the Molecular Mechanism of Vestibular Schwannoma for Hearing Preservation Surgery: Otologists' Perspective from Bedside to Bench.

Vestibular schwannoma is a clinically benign schwannoma that arises from the vestibulocochlear nerve that causes sensorineural hearing loss. This tumor is clinically and oncologically regarded as a benign tumor as it does not metastasize or invade surrounding tissues. Despite being a benign tumor, its management is difficult and controversial due to the potential serious complications, such as irreversible sensorineural hearing loss, of current interventions.

Effects of branched-chain amino acids on immune status of young racing horses.

High-intensity exercise and competition are associated with depressed immune function. Young horses, which participate in high-intensity exercise and competitions, are at increased risk for the development of infectious disease due to depression of immune function. The effects of branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) supplementation on the immune status of young racing horses were evaluated, determining whether BCAA might help to avoid or reduce immune suppression during exercise and competitions.

Characteristic computed tomographic myelography findings in 23 Thoroughbred horses.

The purpose of this observational study was to determine the characteristic computed tomographic (CT) myelography findings of cervical vertebral stenotic myelopathy (CVSM) lesions in Thoroughbred horses. A total of 23 Thoroughbred horses (age range, 155-717 days on CT examination; mean, 410.9 days) were analyzed.