[A case of neurosarcoidosis with recurrent brainstem infarction, obstructive hydrocephalus and brainstem atrophy].

We report the case of a 42-year-old female with neurosarcoidosis who was hospitalized in year 2017 for gait disturbance. In 2011, she suddenly had vertigo that lasted for a few days. In 2013, she noticed left hemiplegia.

Two cases of dementias with motor neuron disease evaluated by Pittsburgh compound B-positron emission tomography.

We described the cases of two patients with dementia associated with motor neuron disease, the former with frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and the latter with Alzheimer's disease (AD), studied by the Pittsburgh compound B-positron emission tomography (PIB-PET). In the FTD patient, the PIB-PET revealed no amyloid accumulation in the cortex, whilst in the AD patient showed amyloid accumulation mainly in the frontal, parietal and lateral temporal lobes, besides the posterior cingulate gyrus and the precuneus. Thus, PIB-PET might facilitate the discrimination of different proteinopathies that cause neurodegenerative diseases, as dementia associated with ALS.

A novel presenilin-1 mutation (Leu85Pro) in early-onset Alzheimer disease with spastic paraparesis.

Background: Early-onset familial Alzheimer disease is caused by mutations in the amyloid precursor protein (APP), presenilin-1 (PSEN1), or presenilin-2 (PSEN2) genes. Phenotypic diversity has been reported to be associated with various mutations in PSEN1. Various mutations of PSEN1 have been reported in cases of early-onset Alzheimer disease with spastic paraparesis.

Interictal patterns of cerebral glucose metabolism, perfusion, and magnetic field in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy.

Purpose: To characterize the epileptogenic condition of patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy, the interictal patterns of glucose metabolism, perfusion, and magnetic field in the temporal lobe were evaluated by using [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography, [99mTc]-ethylcysteinate dimer-single photon emission computed tomography, and magnetoencephalography (MEG).

Methods: Twenty-one patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy related to hippocampal sclerosis were studied. The ictal-onset area was located by continuous video-EEG monitoring.

Detecting functional asymmetries through the dipole moment of magnetoencephalography.

To assess the accuracy of magnetoencephalography (MEG) as a tool for quantitative detection of neuronal activity, the dipole moment was estimated at N20m of somatosensory evoked fields (SEFs) produced by median nerve stimulation. Neurologically stable patients were examined twice within 2 weeks. Since the estimated moment values of the two examinations should be essentially the same, we assessed the margin of error for our measurement system.

Usefulness of somatosensory evoked magnetic field dipole measurements by magnetoencephalography for assessing spinal cord function.

Object: Objective assessment of sensory function disorders is difficult. In the present study, the authors investigated the possibility of assessing cervical myelopathy-induced sensory disorders by using magnetoencephalography (MEG) to measure somatosensory evoked magnetic fields (SSEMFs).

Methods: In 12 patients with cervical myelopathy, SSEMFs were measured before and after surgery by using a 160-channel helmet-type MEG system to stimulate the median nerve, and the intensity and latency of N20m (first response occurring 20 msec after stimulation) were then determined.