Subtyping of Type 1 Diabetes as Classified by Anti-GAD Antibody, IgE Levels, and Tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2) Promoter Variant in the Japanese.

Objective: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is known to be caused by Th1 cell-dependent autoimmunity. Recently, we reported that TYK2 promoter variant serves as a putative virus-induced diabetes susceptibility gene associated with deteriorated interferon-dependent antiviral response. TYK2 is also related to HIES, that is, Th2 cell-dependent.

TYK2 Promoter Variant and Diabetes Mellitus in the Japanese.

Background: Recently, natural mutation of Tyrosine kinase 2 (Tyk2) gene has been shown to determine susceptibility to murine virus-induced diabetes. In addition, a previous human genome-wide study suggested the type 1 diabetes (T1D) susceptibility region to be 19p13, where the human TYK2 gene is located (19p13.2).

Smoking cessation and glycaemic control in type 2 diabetic patients.

Aim: To elucidate the relationship between glycaemic control, blood pressure and body-weight change after smoking cessation in type 2 diabetic patients.

Methods: We examined HbA(1c), blood pressure and body weight in 15 type 2 diabetic patients before, 6 and 12 months after quitting smoking. Sixteen type 2 diabetic patients who did not quit smoking served as control.

A prospective pancreatographic study of the prevalence of pancreatic carcinoma in patients with diabetes mellitus.

Background: The correlation between diabetes mellitus and pancreatic carcinoma is well documented, but no criteria have been established for the efficient selection of a high-risk group among patients with diabetes mellitus.

Methods: Eighty-seven patients were selected prospectively from outpatients with diabetes and underwent endoscopic retrograde pancreatography (ERP) according to the authors' original criteria, including the onset of diabetes after age 55 years, deterioration of diabetes or loss of body weight despite strict medical control, elevation of serum amylase and/or CA19-9 levels, and pancreatobiliary abnormalities on routine ultrasonography. The patients were divided into two groups according to the time from the onset of diabetes to ERP: Patients in Group A had recent-onset diabetes (within 3 years), and Group B patients had diabetes for > 3 years.

Background factors correlated with the psychological features of 254 outpatients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus in Japan.

Unlabelled: For the purpose of identifying the features of psychological troubles and their significance in Type 2 diabetes mellitus outpatients, we analyzed how psychological troubles were affected by various background factors. SUBJECTS AND METHODS The subjects all consisted of outpatients > or = 40 years of age at the Fukuoka Red Cross Hospital in December 1996. We used the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) to determine anxiety, the Self rating Depression Scale to determine depression.

Increased expression of transforming growth factor-alpha in a patient with recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma following partial hepatectomy.

A 45-year-old woman with chronic hepatitis B underwent partial hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the HCC recurred 2 months after surgery and rapid progression of the disease resulted in her death. Immunohistochemistry showed that transforming growth factor-alpha (TGFalpha) was barely expressed in the liver specimens obtained at hepatic resection, whereas autopsy specimens were strongly stained with anti-TGFalpha antibody in the cytoplasm of both non-tumourous and tumourous liver cells.

Effect of aging on glucose tolerance in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

We studied the age-related changes of glucose tolerance in female spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) that did not become obese with aging. Oral glucose tolerance test was performed in young (3 months), middle-aged (6 to 11 months), and aged (26 months) SHR. Fasting plasma glucose was significantly lower in aged SHR than in young SHR.

Gross ascites as a first manifestation of primary hypothyroidism due to post-treatment of radioiodine therapy for Graves' disease.

We report herein a case with myxedema (primary hypothyroidism) associated with marked ascites that was found during the course of examination for a suspected decompensated state of liver cirrhosis or malignant disease. Aspirated ascitic fluid was found to have the characteristics of the exudate. Thyroid hormone replacement resulted in rapid clinical improvement with resolution of the ascites.

Phosphate depletion with phosphate binder arrests the development of nephropathy in spontaneously hypertensive rats with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus fed a high-protein diet.

The protective effect of phosphate binder (PB) on nephropathy was examined in spontaneously hypertensive rats with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) fed a high-protein diet. The rats were treated with vehicle or streptozocin neonatally. After 14 weeks, all rats were fed a high-protein diet (50% protein content), and in half of the diabetic rats the diets were supplemented with PB.

One-day survey of albuminuria in diabetic outpatients in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. Fukuoka Diabetic Clinic Group.

The prevalences and risk factors of micro- and macroalbuminuria were surveyed in all 927 patients with diabetes mellitus who visited outpatient clinics in 27 hospitals in the Fukuoka prefecture on a designated day. The urinary albumin-creatinine ratio (UAI; mg/g Cr) of spot urine was determined in all patients except those with persistent macroproteinuria. The results were as follows: (1) The prevalences of microalbuminuria (UAI 30-299) and macroalbuminuria (UAI greater than or equal to 300) were 26% and 15%, respectively.

Blood pressure changes associated with hyperinsulinemia or long-standing diabetes mellitus in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

We studied the long-term change in blood pressures of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) treated neonatally with streptozotocin (STZ). Two-day-old male SHR were injected intraperitoneally with 37.5-75.

Lack of association between blood pressure and insulin in patients with insulinoma.

To investigate the hypothesis that insulin affects the regulation of blood pressure, blood pressure and fasting insulin and glucose levels were measured in seven patients with insulinoma both before and after resection of the insulinoma. The diagnosis of all insulinoma cases was confirmed during surgery. Before surgery, systolic and diastolic blood pressures were 127 +/- 15 and 74 +/- 9 mmHg, respectively, and did not correlate with the fasting insulin levels.

Relationship between glycemic control and orthostatic hypotension in type 2 diabetes mellitus--a survey by the Fukuoka Diabetes Clinic Group.

We examined the prevalence of orthostatic hypotension and its association with glycemic control, as assessed by hemoglobin A1 (HbA1) concentration, in type 2 diabetic patients. The prevalence of orthostatic hypotension in 886 diabetics who were referred to our study and in 587 diabetics who were not given any antihypertensive drugs was 7% and 6%, respectively. The relationship between orthostatic hypotension and HbA1 levels was evaluated only in subjects not receiving antihypertensive drugs, since antihypertensive agents might induce orthostatic hypotension.

Glucose tolerance and insulin secretion in conscious and unrestrained normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats.

We compared the glucose tolerance and insulin responses to intravenous (IV) glucose administration of a dose of 1 g/kg body weight in a conscious and unrestrained state of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) with catheters chronically indwelled into artery and vein. Both plasma glucose levels at two minutes and ten minutes following IV glucose load as well as the incremental and total areas of plasma glucose were slightly but significantly lower in SHR than in WKY. Glucose disappearance rate (K value) was 7.

Evaluation of programs for the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of hypertension in work site population.

Hypertensives screened among a work-site male population were treated either with or without antihypertensive drugs according to WHO stage of hypertension, and followed up by medical teams at the work site. The outcome during 8 years of follow-up was compared between two hypertension cohorts; one (cohort 1) instituted in 1970 included 1,092 hypertensives from 11,860 employees, while the other (cohort 2) made in 1975 contained 1,190 from 10,789 persons. Age-adjusted mortality or morbidity rate from cardiovascular diseases (CVD) was lower in cohort 2 than in cohort 1.

Diuretics and other antihypertensive drugs and glycemic control in non-insulin-dependent diabetics with hypertension. A survey by the Fukuoka Diabetes Clinic Group.

We compared the levels of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1) in non-insulin-dependent diabetics with hypertension who were treated with monotherapy of diuretics or other antihypertensive drugs (AHD) and in those who were not given any AHD. Total 162 patients were divided into the four groups; the control group without AHD (n = 45), the diuretics group (n = 42), the beta-blocker group (n = 30) and the Ca-antagonist group (n = 45). FPG and HbA1 levels were 153 +/- 44 mg/dl and 10.

Glucose tolerance in middle-aged Japanese males with uncomplicated hypertension.

Plasma glucose levels in 50 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were compared between uncomplicated hypertensives (n = 507, mean age = 48 +/- 0.3 years) and normotensives (n = 378, mean age = 46 +/- 0.3 years).

Coexisting primary hyperparathyroidism and Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy--an unusual association.

Primary hyperparathyroidism associated with Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy was diagnosed in a 22 year old Japanese woman, the second such case to be reported. Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy (AHO) appears to be associated with a larger number of disorders than the well recognized pseudohypoparathyroidism. AHO and pseudo-pseudohypoparathyroidism are essentially identical.