Gut microbiota and fecal metabolites in sustained unresponsiveness by oral immunotherapy in school-age children with cow's milk allergy.

Background: Oral immunotherapy (OIT) can ameliorate cow's milk allergy (CMA); however, the achievement of sustained unresponsiveness (SU) is challenging. Regarding the pathogenesis of CMA, recent studies have shown the importance of gut microbiota (Mb) and fecal water-soluble metabolites (WSMs), which prompted us to determine the change in clinical and gut environmental factors important for acquiring SU after OIT for CMA.

Methods: We conducted an ancillary cohort study of a multicenter randomized, parallel-group, delayed-start design study on 32 school-age children with IgE-mediated CMA who underwent OIT for 13 months.

[Sixteen Cases of Appendiceal Mucinous Neoplasm].

Appendiceal mucinous neoplasm is a relatively rare disease. It is classified as mucinous adenocarcinoma(MACA)and low- grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm(LAMN). We retrospectively evaluated 16 cases of appendiceal mucinous neoplasm (LAMN: 13 cases, MACA: 3 cases)that were surgically resected in our hospital between January 2010 and July 2021.

[Case Report of an Elderly Patient with Interstitial Pneumonia Caused by the Administration of Trastuzumab plus Anastrozole for the Treatment of Inflammatory Breast Cancer].

An 83‒year‒old woman received trastuzumab plus anastrozole as first‒line chemotherapy for inflammatory breast cancer in her left breast. Following the treatment, the induration and redness in her breast gradually improved; however, 2 days after receiving the 5th course of chemotherapy, she developed dyspnea and was referred to the emergency room. Her SpO2 was 88%; her KL‒6 level had increased to 2,613 U/mL; and a chest CT scan showed ground‒glass opacity in the bilateral lung fields, yielding a diagnosis of interstitial pneumonia requiring steroid pulse therapy.

Impact of Haemophilus influenzae type b combination vaccination on asthma symptoms and pneumonia in 5-year-old children in rural Bangladesh: a longitudinal study and comparison with a previous cross-sectional study.

Background: Although the prevalence of bronchial asthma has been increasing worldwide since the 1970's, the prevalence among 5-year-old children was significantly lower in 2016 than in 2001 in rural Bangladesh. We aimed to determine whether the Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) combination vaccination (without booster) started in 2009 contributed to this decrease.

Methods: A case-control study was conducted among 1658 randomly selected 5-year-old children from Matlab, Bangladesh.

Pancreaticoduodenectomy with malrotation following reoperation due to torsion of efferent loop: a case report.

Background: Malrotation is a congenital anomaly during the development of the embryonic intestine. Although it is generally considered a pediatric surgical condition, it can have significant implications for adult surgery in terms of reconstruction.

Case Presentation: The patient was an 85-year-old man with pancreatic cancer and intestinal malrotation.

Molecular detection of enteric viruses in the stool samples of children without diarrhea in Bangladesh.

A number of molecular epidemiological studies reported the detection of enteric viruses in asymptomatic children. The role of these viruses in an asymptomatic infection remains unclear. This study investigated the enteric viruses in the stool samples collected from children without diarrhea.

[A Case of an Elderly Patient with Multiple Lung Metastases of Postoperative Pancreatic Cancer in Whom Lung Metastases Were Controlled by Biweekly Dose-Down Administration of Gemcitabine].

An 80-year-old woman was diagnosed with pancreatic head cancer, and pancreaticoduodenectomy was performed. Twelve months after the operation, chest CT scans showed the presence ofmultiple nodules in both the lungs. Because ofthe potential negative side effects of anti-cancer drugs, the patient underwent chemotherapy with dose-down biweekly adminis- tration ofgemcitabine (1,000mg/day/body≒750mg/m2.

A long-term survival case after resection of the pancreatic metastasis from lung cancer.

Introduction: Pancreatic metastasis from lung cancer is not an indication for surgical resection because patients with such a condition present with multiple-organ metastases. Therefore, the significance of resection in patients with pancreatic metastasis from lung cancer remains unclear. Here we report a case of a long-term survivor of pancreatic metastasis from lung cancer after pancreatectomy.

[Usefulness of CT Colonography for a Patient with Three Synchronous Primary Descending Colon Cancers].

An 81-year-old woman presented with melena. Colonoscopy showed descending colon cancer, but the oral side of the tumor was excluded from observation because of easy bleeding related to the stenosis. CT colonography to evaluate the oral end of the intestine revealed 2 lesions in addition to the lesion observed on endoscopy.

[A Case of Anastomotic Stage Ⅰ Cecal Cancer Recurrence after Functional End-To-End Anastomosis].

An 83-year-old woman was referred to our hospital for cecal cancer, and ileocecal resection(D3 lymph node resection) with functional end-to-end anastomosis. Since the tumor was of histological Stage Ⅰ, no adjuvant chemotherapy was performed. One year and 9 months after the operation, an anastomotic recurrence was identified alongthe staple line using colonoscopy.

[A Case of Intractable Pain Caused by Retroperitoneal Primary Unknown Cancer Recurrence That Was Improved by Palliative Cyberknife Therapy].

A 79-year-old man was diagnosed with retroperitoneal primary unknown cancer recurrence who underwent open fenestration and drainage(because radical cure resection is difficult). Two years after the fenestration, the patient developed severe hip pain and numbness of the right lower limb. Abdominal CT revealed a cystic tumor recurrence extending from the lower abdomen to the right perineum.

[A Case of a One-Stage Resection and Anastomosis Procedure for a Descending Colon Cancer Ileus after Decompression with a Trans-Nasal Ileus Tube].

A 72-year-old man presented to our hospital with a chief complaint of constipation and hiccup. Computed tomography revealed a colonic obstruction due to descending colon cancer, and a transnasal ileus tube was inserted. On the 2nd day of hospitalization, we attempted transanal drainage, but it was difficult to cannulate.

Surgical outcome of laparoscopic hepatic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma: A matched case-control study with propensity score matching.

Background: Although the number of reports on laparoscopic hepatic resection (LHR) has increased, studies of long-term outcomes regarding tumor recurrence and patient survival compared to the conventional open approach are limited. We evaluated the long-term survival and feasibility of LHR in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Patients And Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of patients who underwent hepatic resection for primary HCC between August 2000 and December 2013.

Histamine-releasing factor enhances food allergy.

Food allergy occurs due to IgE- and mast cell-dependent intestinal inflammation. Previously, we showed that histamine-releasing factor (HRF), a multifunctional protein secreted during allergy, interacts with a subset of IgE molecules and that the HRF dimer activates mast cells in an HRF-reactive IgE-dependent manner. In this study, we investigated whether HRF plays any role in food allergy.

Desensitization to a whole egg by rush oral immunotherapy improves the quality of life of guardians: A multicenter, randomized, parallel-group, delayed-start design study.

Background: Patients with food allergies and their families have a significantly reduced health-related quality of life (QOL).

Methods: We performed a multicenter, randomized, parallel-group, delayed-start design study to clarify the efficacy and safety of rush oral immunotherapy (rOIT) and its impact on the participants' daily life and their guardians (UMIN000003943). Forty-five participants were randomly divided into an early-start group and a late-start group.

Association between traffic-related air pollution and asthma in preschool children in a national Japanese nested case-control study.

Objectives: There has been little study on the effect of traffic-related air pollution on the incidence and persistence of asthma in preschool children. We evaluated the association of exposure to traffic-related air pollution with the incidence/persistence of asthma during the first 3 years of life using a population-based study.

Methods: A baseline survey was conducted in 1½-year-old children (n=63,266).

Eosinophilic gastroenteritis in a patient with Bruton's tyrosine kinase deficiency.

Eosinophilic gastrointestinal diseases (EGID) are relatively rare diseases characterized by eosinophilic infiltration of the gastrointestinal tract resulting in various gastrointestinal symptoms. EGID are often caused by allergic reactions or systemic eosinophilic disorders, but their comorbidity with Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) deficiency has not been previously documented. Here, we report a case of eosinophilic gastroenteritis (EG) in a patient with BTK deficiency.

[A Case of Gastric Cancer Associated with Sjögren's Syndrome and Interstitial Pneumonia].

A 77-year-old man presented with poor appetite and dyspnea. A gastroendoscopy showed an advanced gastric cancer and a CT scan demonstrated diffuse interstitial infiltrative shadows in both lungs. Laboratory data showed high level of anti-SSA and anti-SSB antibodies, suggestive of interstitial pneumonia associated with Sjögren's syndrome.

Anti-Ascaris immunoglobulin E associated with bronchial hyper-reactivity in 9-year-old rural Bangladeshi children.

Background: Studies have addressed the immunomodulatory effects of helminths and their protective effects upon asthma. However, anti-Ascaris IgE has been reported to be associated with an increased risk of asthma symptoms. We examined the association between serum levels of anti-Ascaris IgE and bronchial hyper-responsiveness (BHR) in children living in rural Bangladesh.

Comparative effectiveness of inhaled corticosteroids for paediatric asthma: protocol for a systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis.

Introduction: Use of inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) is the mainstream maintenance therapy for paediatric asthma. Several forms of ICS are available, but the relative effectiveness among ICS has not been well investigated in published, randomised, controlled trials. The paucity of direct comparisons between ICS may have resulted in insufficient estimation in former systematic reviews/meta-analyses.